महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-68, verse-18

तथापविद्धैर्गजवाजियोधैर्मन्दासुभिश्चैव गतासुभिश्च ।
नराश्वनागैश्च रथैश्च मर्दितैर्मही महावैतरणीव दुर्दृशा ॥१८॥

18. tathāpaviddhairgajavājiyodhai;rmandāsubhiścaiva gatāsubhiśca ,
narāśvanāgaiśca rathaiśca marditai;rmahī mahāvaitaraṇīva durdṛśā.

18. tathā apaviddhaiḥ gajavājiyodhaiḥ
mandāsubhiḥ ca eva gatāsubhiḥ ca
narāśvanāgaiḥ ca rathaiḥ ca
marditaiḥ mahī mahāvaitaraṇī iva durdṛśā

18. tathā apaviddhaiḥ gajavājiyodhaiḥ
mandāsubhiḥ ca eva gatāsubhiḥ ca
narāśvanāgaiḥ ca rathaiḥ ca
marditaiḥ mahī mahāvaitaraṇī iva durdṛśā

18. Similarly, with elephant-riders and cavalrymen thrown down—some barely clinging to life, and others already lifeless—and with men, horses, elephants, and chariots crushed, the earth became a terrifying sight, resembling a great (river) Vaitaraṇī.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• अपविद्धैः (apaviddhaiḥ) - by those thrown down, cast aside

• गजवाजियोधैः (gajavājiyodhaiḥ) - by elephant-riders and cavalrymen, by elephant-horse-warriors

• मन्दासुभिः (mandāsubhiḥ) - by those with feeble life, by the almost lifeless

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• गतासुभिः (gatāsubhiḥ) - by the lifeless ones

• च (ca) - and

• नराश्वनागैः (narāśvanāgaiḥ) - by men, horses, and elephants

• च (ca) - and

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

• च (ca) - and

• मर्दितैः (marditaiḥ) - by those crushed, trampled

• मही (mahī) - the earth, the ground

• महावैतरणी (mahāvaitaraṇī) - a great Vaitaraṇī (river of hell)

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• दुर्दृशा (durdṛśā) - difficult to behold, terrifying sight

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

Note: adverb

अपविद्धैः (apaviddhaiḥ) - by those thrown down, cast aside

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of apaviddha

apaviddha - thrown down, cast aside, struck down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vyadh- (to pierce, throw) with prefix apa-

Prefix: apa

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: adjective modifying gajavājiyodhaiḥ

गजवाजियोधैः (gajavājiyodhaiḥ) - by elephant-riders and cavalrymen, by elephant-horse-warriors

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gajavājiyodha

gajavājiyodha - warriors on elephants and horses, elephant and horse warriors

Compound type : dvandva (gaja+vājin+yodha)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• vājin – horse
  noun (masculine)
• yodha – warrior, fighter
  noun (masculine)

Note: main noun in the phrase

मन्दासुभिः (mandāsubhiḥ) - by those with feeble life, by the almost lifeless

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mandāsu

mandāsu - having feeble life, almost lifeless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manda+asu)

• manda – feeble, slow, weak
  adjective
• asu – breath, life
  noun (masculine)

Note: adjective modifying gajavājiyodhaiḥ

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: conjunction

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

Note: emphatic particle

गतासुभिः (gatāsubhiḥ) - by the lifeless ones

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gatāsu

gatāsu - lifeless, dead, one whose breath has departed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+asu)

• gata – gone, departed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root gam- (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• asu – breath, life
  noun (masculine)

Note: adjective modifying gajavājiyodhaiḥ

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: conjunction

नराश्वनागैः (narāśvanāgaiḥ) - by men, horses, and elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of narāśvanāga

narāśvanāga - men, horses, and elephants

Compound type : dvandva (nara+aśva+nāga)

• nara – man
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• nāga – elephant (or snake)
  noun (masculine)

Note: objects being crushed

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: conjunction

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot

Note: objects being crushed

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: conjunction

मर्दितैः (marditaiḥ) - by those crushed, trampled

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mardita

mardita - crushed, trampled, bruised

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mṛd- (to crush)

Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: adjective modifying narāśvanāgaiḥ and rathaiḥ

मही (mahī) - the earth, the ground

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground

Note: subject of the sentence

महावैतरणी (mahāvaitaraṇī) - a great Vaitaraṇī (river of hell)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mahāvaitaraṇī

mahāvaitaraṇī - the great Vaitaraṇī (mythical river of hell)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+vaitaraṇī)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• vaitaraṇī – the river Vaitaraṇī (in hell)
  noun (feminine)

Note: predicate nominative (with iva)

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: particle of comparison

दुर्दृशा (durdṛśā) - difficult to behold, terrifying sight

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of durdṛś

durdṛś - difficult to see, terrible to behold, ugly

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+dṛś)

• dur – difficult, bad
  indeclinable
• dṛś – seeing, sight
  noun (feminine)

Note: adjective modifying mahī