महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-68, verse-40

तदद्भुतं प्राणभृतां भयंकरं निशम्य युद्धं कुरुवीरमुख्ययोः ।
धनंजयस्याधिरथेश्च विस्मिताः प्रशंसमानाः प्रययुस्तदा जनाः ॥४०॥

40. tadadbhutaṁ prāṇabhṛtāṁ bhayaṁkaraṁ; niśamya yuddhaṁ kuruvīramukhyayoḥ ,
dhanaṁjayasyādhiratheśca vismitāḥ; praśaṁsamānāḥ prayayustadā janāḥ.

40. tat adbhutam prāṇabhṛtām bhayaṅkaram
niśamya yuddham kuruvīramukhyayoḥ
dhanaṃjayasya adhiratheḥ ca vismitāḥ
praśaṃsamānāḥ prayayuḥ tadā janāḥ

40. janāḥ tadā prāṇabhṛtām adbhutam
bhayaṅkaram kuruvīramukhyayoḥ
dhanaṃjayasya ca adhiratheḥ yuddham niśamya
vismitāḥ praśaṃsamānāḥ prayayuḥ

40. Having witnessed that astonishing and terrifying battle between the two foremost Kuru heroes, Arjuna (Dhanañjaya) and Adhirathi's son (Karṇa), the people were astonished. Then, praising them, they departed.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - amazing, wondrous, astonishing

• प्राणभृताम् (prāṇabhṛtām) - of living beings, of creatures

• भयङ्करम् (bhayaṅkaram) - terrifying, dreadful, fearful

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having observed, having witnessed

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• कुरुवीरमुख्ययोः (kuruvīramukhyayoḥ) - of the two chief Kuru warriors, of the two foremost Kuru heroes

• धनंजयस्य (dhanaṁjayasya) - of Arjuna (of Arjuna (Dhanañjaya))

• अधिरथेः (adhiratheḥ) - of Karṇa (son of Adhiratha) (of Adhiratha, of Adhirathi's son (Karṇa))

• च (ca) - and, also

• विस्मिताः (vismitāḥ) - astonished, amazed

• प्रशंसमानाः (praśaṁsamānāḥ) - praising, commending

• प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they departed, they went forth

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - amazing, wondrous, astonishing

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - amazing, wondrous, astonishing, marvelous

प्राणभृताम् (prāṇabhṛtām) - of living beings, of creatures

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prāṇabhṛt

prāṇabhṛt - living being, creature, animate

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+bhṛt)

• prāṇa – breath, life, vital air
  noun (masculine)
• bhṛt – bearing, supporting, maintaining
  adjective
  From root bhṛ (to bear, support)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

भयङ्करम् (bhayaṅkaram) - terrifying, dreadful, fearful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhayaṅkara

bhayaṅkara - terrifying, dreadful, causing fear

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhaya+kara)

• bhaya – fear, dread, terror
  noun (neuter)
• kara – making, causing, producing
  adjective
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

निशम्य (niśamya) - having heard, having observed, having witnessed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from upasarga 'ni-' + root 'śam' (class 1) + suffix '-ya'

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 1)

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war, combat

कुरुवीरमुख्ययोः (kuruvīramukhyayoḥ) - of the two chief Kuru warriors, of the two foremost Kuru heroes

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of kuruvīramukhya

kuruvīramukhya - foremost Kuru hero/warrior

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kuru+vīra+mukhya)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty), a Kuru warrior
  proper noun (masculine)
• vīra – hero, warrior, brave
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

धनंजयस्य (dhanaṁjayasya) - of Arjuna (of Arjuna (Dhanañjaya))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth (an epithet of Arjuna), fire

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – conquering, winning, victory
  adjective
  From root ji (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)

अधिरथेः (adhiratheḥ) - of Karṇa (son of Adhiratha) (of Adhiratha, of Adhirathi's son (Karṇa))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of adhirathi

adhirathi - Adhiratha (name of Karna's foster father); by extension, Karna himself as 'son of Adhiratha'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विस्मिताः (vismitāḥ) - astonished, amazed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vismita

vismita - astonished, amazed, surprised

Past Passive Participle

Formed from upasarga 'vi-' + root 'smi' (class 1) + suffix 'kta'

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

प्रशंसमानाः (praśaṁsamānāḥ) - praising, commending

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of praśaṃsamāna

praśaṁsamāna - praising, commending, extolling

Present Middle Participle

Formed from upasarga 'pra-' + root 'śaṃs' (class 1) + suffix 'śānac'

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they departed, they went forth

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of prayā

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

जनाः (janāḥ) - people

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, creature, people (plural)