महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-68, verse-51

शशिप्रकाशाननमर्जुनो यदा क्षुरेण कर्णस्य शिरो न्यपातयत् ।
अथान्तरिक्षे दिवि चेह चासकृद्बभूव हाहेति जनस्य निस्वनः ॥५१॥

51. śaśiprakāśānanamarjuno yadā; kṣureṇa karṇasya śiro nyapātayat ,
athāntarikṣe divi ceha cāsakṛ;dbabhūva hāheti janasya nisvanaḥ.

51. śaśiprakāśānanam arjunaḥ yadā
kṣureṇa karṇasya śiraḥ nyapātayat atha
antarikṣe divi ca iha ca asakṛt
babhūva hāheti janasya nisvanaḥ

51. yadā arjunaḥ kṣureṇa śaśiprakāśānanam
karṇasya śiraḥ nyapātayat atha
antarikṣe divi ca iha ca asakṛt
janasya hāheti nisvanaḥ babhūva

51. When Arjuna struck down Karna's head, which had a radiant face like the moon, with an arrow, then repeatedly, both in the atmosphere, in heaven, and on earth, there arose a mournful cry of "alas! alas!" from the people.

Words meanings summery:

• शशिप्रकाशाननम् (śaśiprakāśānanam) - having a face shining like the moon

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• यदा (yadā) - when

• क्षुरेण (kṣureṇa) - with an arrow (with a razor, with an arrow)

• कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karna

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• न्यपातयत् (nyapātayat) - caused to fall, struck down, decapitated

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• अन्तरिक्षे (antarikṣe) - in the atmosphere, in the sky

• दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky

• च (ca) - and

• इह (iha) - here, on earth

• च (ca) - and

• असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, often

• बभूव (babhūva) - there was, it happened, became

• हाहेति (hāheti) - "alas! alas!", thus

• जनस्य (janasya) - of the people

• निस्वनः (nisvanaḥ) - sound, cry, noise

Words meanings and morphology

शशिप्रकाशाननम् (śaśiprakāśānanam) - having a face shining like the moon

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaśiprakāśānana

śaśiprakāśānana - having a face shining like the moon

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śaśi+prakāśa+ānana)

• śaśi – moon
  noun (masculine)
• prakāśa – light, luster, brightness, shining
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kāś (to shine) with prefix pra.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kāś (class 1)
• ānana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root an (to breathe) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'śiraḥ'.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a celebrated hero, third of the Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Subject of 'nyapātayat'.

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

क्षुरेण (kṣureṇa) - with an arrow (with a razor, with an arrow)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣura

kṣura - razor, knife, sharp-edged arrow

Root: kṣur (class 10)

Note: Instrument for 'nyapātayat'.

कर्णस्य (karṇasya) - of Karna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (a great warrior and tragic hero in the Mahabharata)

Note: Possessive, modifying 'śiraḥ'.

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

Neuter s-stem noun.

Note: Direct object of 'nyapātayat'.

न्यपातयत् (nyapātayat) - caused to fall, struck down, decapitated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pat

causative imperfect

From root pat (1st class) with upasarga ni and causative suffix -āpay, conjugated in the imperfect (laṅ) third person singular.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अन्तरिक्षे (antarikṣe) - in the atmosphere, in the sky

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of antarikṣa

antarikṣa - atmosphere, sky, intermediate space

Note: Adverbial locative of place.

दिवि (divi) - in heaven, in the sky

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of div

div - heaven, sky, day

Feminine i-stem noun.

Root: div (class 1)

Note: Adverbial locative of place.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, on earth

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, often

(indeclinable)

Negative compound of 'a' (not) and 'sakṛt' (once).

बभूव (babhūva) - there was, it happened, became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhū

perfect

From root bhū (1st class), conjugated in the perfect (lit) third person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)

हाहेति (hāheti) - "alas! alas!", thus

(indeclinable)

'hāhā' is an interjection expressing lamentation; 'iti' marks direct speech or thought.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (hāhā+iti)

• hāhā – alas, ah me! (an interjection of sorrow or surprise)
  indeclinable
• iti – thus, in this manner (marks direct speech, thought, or definition)
  indeclinable

जनस्य (janasya) - of the people

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, human being

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Possessive, modifying 'nisvanaḥ'.

निस्वनः (nisvanaḥ) - sound, cry, noise

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nisvana

nisvana - sound, noise, cry, roar

Derived from root svan (to sound) with prefix nis-.

Prefix: nis

Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'babhūva'.