महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-68, verse-44

ददानीत्येव योऽवोचन्न नास्तीत्यर्थितोऽर्थिभिः ।
सद्भिः सदा सत्पुरुषः स हतो द्वैरथे वृषः ॥४४॥

44. dadānītyeva yo'vocanna nāstītyarthito'rthibhiḥ ,
sadbhiḥ sadā satpuruṣaḥ sa hato dvairathe vṛṣaḥ.

44. dadāmi iti eva yaḥ avocat na na asti iti arthitaḥ
arthibhiḥ sadbhiḥ sadā satpuruṣaḥ sa hataḥ dvairathe vṛṣaḥ

44. yaḥ arthibhiḥ arthitaḥ sadā dadāmi iti eva avocat na na asti iti,
saḥ sadbhiḥ satpuruṣaḥ vṛṣaḥ dvairathe hataḥ

44. He who, when entreated by those seeking help, would always declare, 'I will give!', never saying, 'There is nothing,' that truly virtuous man among the good, that bull-like warrior, was killed in a duel.

Words meanings summery:

• ददामि (dadāmi) - I give, I will give

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• अवोचत् (avocat) - he said, he spoke

• न (na) - not, no

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - there is, exists

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech

• अर्थितः (arthitaḥ) - implored, requested, solicited

• अर्थिभिः (arthibhiḥ) - by supplicants, by those requesting

• सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the good, by the virtuous

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• सत्पुरुषः (satpuruṣaḥ) - a good man, a virtuous person

• स (sa) - refers to the individual being praised (he, that)

• हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain

• द्वैरथे (dvairathe) - in a duel (specifically, a chariot duel)

• वृषः (vṛṣaḥ) - an epithet for a powerful or eminent person, referring to the warrior's stature (bull, chief, excellent man)

Words meanings and morphology

ददामि (dadāmi) - I give, I will give

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dā

Present Active Indicative

Root 'dā' (class 3, reduplicated).

Root: dā (class 3)

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word or statement.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

अवोचत् (avocat) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vac

Imperfect Active Indicative

Root 'vac' (class 2) with augment 'a-'.

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetition ('na na') emphasizes 'never'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - there is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active Indicative

Root 'as' (class 2).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used in the phrase 'na asti' meaning 'there is not' or 'nothing'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating quoted speech

(indeclinable)

अर्थितः (arthitaḥ) - implored, requested, solicited

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthita

arthita - requested, sought, implored

Past Passive Participle

From root 'arth' (to ask, request).

Root: arth (class 10)

अर्थिभिः (arthibhiḥ) - by supplicants, by those requesting

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of arthin

arthin - supplicant, petitioner, one who requests

From root 'arth' (to request) with suffix '-in'.

Root: arth (class 10)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'arthitaḥ'.

सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by the good, by the virtuous

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, true

Present Active Participle

From root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

सत्पुरुषः (satpuruṣaḥ) - a good man, a virtuous person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satpuruṣa

satpuruṣa - a good man, a virtuous person, an honest man

Karmadhāraya compound: 'sat' (good) + 'puruṣa' (man).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+puruṣa)

• sat – good, virtuous, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root 'as' (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)
• puruṣa – man, person, human being, the Supreme Cosmic Person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)

स (sa) - refers to the individual being praised (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that

हतः (hataḥ) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicates the state of being killed.

द्वैरथे (dvairathe) - in a duel (specifically, a chariot duel)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dvairatha

dvairatha - pertaining to two chariots, a fight between two chariots, a duel

From 'dviratha' (two chariots) with 'aṇ' suffix for 'pertaining to'.

Note: Locative case indicating the place/circumstance of death.

वृषः (vṛṣaḥ) - an epithet for a powerful or eminent person, referring to the warrior's stature (bull, chief, excellent man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣa

vṛṣa - bull, chief, best, strong, excellent man

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)