महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-68, verse-59

ततः प्रयाताः कुरवो जवेन श्रुत्वैव शङ्खस्वनमीर्यमाणम् ।
विहाय मद्राधिपतिं पतिं च दुर्योधनं भारत भारतानाम् ॥५९॥

59. tataḥ prayātāḥ kuravo javena; śrutvaiva śaṅkhasvanamīryamāṇam ,
vihāya madrādhipatiṁ patiṁ ca; duryodhanaṁ bhārata bhāratānām.

59. tataḥ prayātāḥ kuravaḥ javena
śrutvā eva śaṅkhasvanam īryamāṇam
vihāya madrādhipatim patim ca
duryodhanam bhārata bhāratānām

59. bhārata tataḥ kuravaḥ īryamāṇam
śaṅkhasvanam śrutvā eva javena
madrādhipatim patim ca bhāratānām
duryodhanam vihāya prayātāḥ

59. Then, O descendant of Bhārata, as soon as they heard the conch sound being blown, the Kurus swiftly departed, abandoning the King of Madras and their leader Duryodhana, who was the lord of the Bhāratas.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• प्रयाताः (prayātāḥ) - departed, set out, gone forth

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kauravas, who were the sons of Dhritarashtra and their allies (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru, Kauravas)

• जवेन (javena) - with speed, swiftly, rapidly

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• एव (eva) - just, indeed, only, even

• शङ्खस्वनम् (śaṅkhasvanam) - conch sound, sound of a conch

• ईर्यमाणम् (īryamāṇam) - the conch sound being blown (being emitted, being caused to move, being blown)

• विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, leaving, forsaking

• मद्राधिपतिम् (madrādhipatim) - King Shalya, the maternal uncle of the Pandavas who fought for the Kauravas (the lord of Madras, the King of Madras)

• पतिम् (patim) - their leader (Duryodhana) (lord, master, leader, husband)

• च (ca) - and, also

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - the eldest son of Dhritarashtra, leader of the Kaurava army (Duryodhana)

• भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bhārata (addressing Sanjaya or Dhritarashtra) (O descendant of Bhārata)

• भारतानाम् (bhāratānām) - of the descendants of Bhārata (referring to the lineage associated with the Kauravas and Pandavas) (of the Bhāratas)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix -tas added to pronoun base 'tad'

प्रयाताः (prayātāḥ) - departed, set out, gone forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prayāta

prayāta - departed, gone forth, set out

Past Passive Participle

from pra- + √yā (to go) + -ta

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kauravas, who were the sons of Dhritarashtra and their allies (the Kurus, descendants of Kuru, Kauravas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a descendant of Kuru; the Kauravas

जवेन (javena) - with speed, swiftly, rapidly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, velocity, quickness

from √ju (to be quick)

Root: ju

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from √śru (to hear) + -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

एव (eva) - just, indeed, only, even

(indeclinable)

शङ्खस्वनम् (śaṅkhasvanam) - conch sound, sound of a conch

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaṅkhasvana

śaṅkhasvana - sound of a conch

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śaṅkha+svana)

• śaṅkha – conch, conch-shell
  noun (masculine)
• svana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  from √svan (to sound)
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Object of śrutvā

ईर्यमाणम् (īryamāṇam) - the conch sound being blown (being emitted, being caused to move, being blown)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of īryamāṇa

īryamāṇa - being moved, being excited, being emitted/blown

Present Passive Participle

from √īr (to move, excite) in passive stem + -māṇa

Root: īr (class 2)

Note: Modifies śaṅkhasvanam

विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, leaving, forsaking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from vi- + √hā (to abandon) + -ya

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

मद्राधिपतिम् (madrādhipatim) - King Shalya, the maternal uncle of the Pandavas who fought for the Kauravas (the lord of Madras, the King of Madras)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of madrādhipati

madrādhipati - lord of Madras, King of Madras

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+adhipati)

• madra – Madra (a country/people in ancient India)
  proper noun (masculine)
• adhipati – lord, ruler, chief, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Object of vihāya

पतिम् (patim) - their leader (Duryodhana) (lord, master, leader, husband)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, leader, chief

Note: Object of vihāya

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - the eldest son of Dhritarashtra, leader of the Kaurava army (Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (a proper name, the eldest of the Kauravas)

Note: Object of vihāya

भारत (bhārata) - O descendant of Bhārata (addressing Sanjaya or Dhritarashtra) (O descendant of Bhārata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata; relating to Bharata; India

patronymic from Bharata

भारतानाम् (bhāratānām) - of the descendants of Bhārata (referring to the lineage associated with the Kauravas and Pandavas) (of the Bhāratas)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata; relating to Bharata; India

patronymic from Bharata