महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-145, verse-65

प्रियार्थं तव पुत्राणां दिधक्षुः पाण्डुनन्दनान् ।
ततः प्रववृते युद्धं तावकानां परैः सह ॥६५॥

65. priyārthaṁ tava putrāṇāṁ didhakṣuḥ pāṇḍunandanān ,
tataḥ pravavṛte yuddhaṁ tāvakānāṁ paraiḥ saha.

65. priyārtham tava putrāṇām didhakṣuḥ pāṇḍu-nandanān
tataḥ pravavṛte yuddham tāvakānām paraiḥ saha

65. tava putrāṇām priyārtham pāṇḍu-nandanān didhakṣuḥ
tataḥ tāvakānām paraiḥ saha yuddham pravavṛte

65. Then, for the sake of pleasing your sons (Kauravas) and intending to burn the sons of Pāṇḍu (Pāṇḍavas), battle began between your forces and the enemies.

Words meanings summery:

• प्रियार्थम् (priyārtham) - for the sake of pleasing (for the sake of pleasure, for the benefit of)

• तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your)

• पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) sons (Kauravas) (of the sons)

• दिधक्षुः (didhakṣuḥ) - intending to destroy/burn (the Pāṇḍavas) (desiring to burn, wishing to consume)

• पाण्डु-नन्दनान् (pāṇḍu-nandanān) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, after that (then, thence, from that)

• प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - it began, it proceeded

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

• तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) people (Kauravas) (of yours, of your people)

• परैः (paraiḥ) - with the enemies (Pāṇḍavas) (by enemies, with enemies)

• सह (saha) - with, together with

Words meanings and morphology

प्रियार्थम् (priyārtham) - for the sake of pleasing (for the sake of pleasure, for the benefit of)

(indeclinable)

compound used adverbially.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (priya+artha)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts as an adverb modifying the action of the battle.

तव (tava) - your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) sons (Kauravas) (of the sons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

Note: Qualifies `priyārtham`.

दिधक्षुः (didhakṣuḥ) - intending to destroy/burn (the Pāṇḍavas) (desiring to burn, wishing to consume)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of didhakṣu

didhakṣu - desiring to burn, wishing to consume

Desiderative Nominal Agent

Derived from desiderative stem of root `dah` (to burn).

Root: dah (class 1)

Note: Acts as an agent noun/adjective describing the motivation.

पाण्डु-नन्दनान् (pāṇḍu-nandanān) - the Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍu-nandana

pāṇḍu-nandana - son of Pāṇḍu

compound of `pāṇḍu` (king Pāṇḍu) and `nandana` (son, delight).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍu+nandana)

• pāṇḍu – King Pāṇḍu
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, child, delight
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `nand` (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Object of `didhakṣuḥ`.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, after that (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

प्रववृते (pravavṛte) - it began, it proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of pravṛt

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, Ātmanepada.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: With prefix `pra-`.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle, fight, war

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `yudh` (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of `pravavṛte`.

तावकानाम् (tāvakānām) - of your (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's) people (Kauravas) (of yours, of your people)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, your own, belonging to you

Derivative of `tava`.

Note: Refers to the Kauravas.

परैः (paraiḥ) - with the enemies (Pāṇḍavas) (by enemies, with enemies)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of para

para - other, alien, enemy, supreme

Note: Used with `saha`. Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

functions as a postposition requiring instrumental case.

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