महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-145, verse-40

ततः कर्णो हतं मत्वा वृषसेनं महारथः ।
पुत्रशोकाभिसंतप्तः सात्यकिं प्रत्यपीडयत् ॥४०॥

40. tataḥ karṇo hataṁ matvā vṛṣasenaṁ mahārathaḥ ,
putraśokābhisaṁtaptaḥ sātyakiṁ pratyapīḍayat.

40. tataḥ karṇaḥ hataṃ matvā vṛṣasenaṃ mahārathaḥ
putraśokābhisantaptaḥ sātyakiṃ pratyapīḍayat

40. tataḥ mahārathaḥ karṇaḥ vṛṣasenaṃ hataṃ matvā
putraśokābhisantaptaḥ sātyakiṃ pratyapīḍayat

40. Then, Karṇa, the great charioteer, considering Vṛṣasena slain and greatly afflicted by sorrow for his son, harassed Satyaki in return.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

• हतं (hataṁ) - slain, killed

• मत्वा (matvā) - having considered, having thought

• वृषसेनं (vṛṣasenaṁ) - Vṛṣasena

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting 10,000 archers

• पुत्रशोकाभिसन्तप्तः (putraśokābhisantaptaḥ) - greatly afflicted by sorrow for his son

• सात्यकिं (sātyakiṁ) - Satyaki

• प्रत्यपीडयत् (pratyapīḍayat) - oppressed in return, harassed in return

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a warrior), ear

Note: Subject of the sentence.

हतं (hataṁ) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han'

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Vṛṣasena.

मत्वा (matvā) - having considered, having thought

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'man'

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Indicates prior action.

वृषसेनं (vṛṣasenaṁ) - Vṛṣasena

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛṣasena

vṛṣasena - Vṛṣasena (son of Karṇa)

Note: Object of 'matvā'.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting 10,000 archers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting 10,000 archers

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Karṇa.

पुत्रशोकाभिसन्तप्तः (putraśokābhisantaptaḥ) - greatly afflicted by sorrow for his son

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putraśokābhisantapta

putraśokābhisantapta - greatly afflicted by sorrow for his son

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+śoka+abhisantapta)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• abhisantapta – greatly distressed, afflicted, tormented
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'tap' with prefixes 'abhi' and 'saṃ'
  Prefixes: abhi+sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Karṇa.

सात्यकिं (sātyakiṁ) - Satyaki

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Satyaki (a Yadava warrior, ally of the Pāṇḍavas)

Note: Object of 'pratyapīḍayat'.

प्रत्यपीडयत् (pratyapīḍayat) - oppressed in return, harassed in return

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pīḍ

Imperfect, Causative

3rd person singular, causative stem 'pīḍay'

Prefixes: prati+apa

Root: pīḍ (class 1)