महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-145, verse-41

पीड्यमानस्तु कर्णेन युयुधानो महारथः ।
विव्याध बहुभिः कर्णं त्वरमाणः पुनः पुनः ॥४१॥

41. pīḍyamānastu karṇena yuyudhāno mahārathaḥ ,
vivyādha bahubhiḥ karṇaṁ tvaramāṇaḥ punaḥ punaḥ.

41. pīḍyamānaḥ tu karṇena yuyudhānaḥ mahārathaḥ
vivyādha bahubhiḥ karṇaṃ tvaramāṇaḥ punaḥ punaḥ

41. tu karṇena pīḍyamānaḥ mahārathaḥ yuyudhānaḥ
tvaramāṇaḥ punaḥ punaḥ bahubhiḥ karṇaṃ vivyādha

41. But Yuyudhāna, the great charioteer, being harassed by Karṇa, swiftly pierced Karṇa again and again with many (arrows).

Words meanings summery:

• पीड्यमानः (pīḍyamānaḥ) - being harassed, being oppressed, being tormented

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

• युयुधानः (yuyudhānaḥ) - Yuyudhāna (Satyaki)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

• बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many (arrows)

• कर्णं (karṇaṁ) - Karṇa

• त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hurrying, hastening, acting quickly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

Words meanings and morphology

पीड्यमानः (pīḍyamānaḥ) - being harassed, being oppressed, being tormented

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍyamāna

pīḍyamāna - being harassed, oppressed

Present Passive Participle (Causative)

Derived from causative stem 'pīḍay' of root 'pīḍ' with suffix '-māna'

Root: pīḍ (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a warrior)

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'pīḍyamānaḥ'.

युयुधानः (yuyudhānaḥ) - Yuyudhāna (Satyaki)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuyudhāna

yuyudhāna - Yuyudhāna (another name for Satyaki)

Note: Subject of the main verb.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting 10,000 archers

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Yuyudhāna.

विव्याध (vivyādha) - pierced, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vyadh

Perfect

3rd person singular, reduplicated form

Root: vyadh (class 4)

बहुभिः (bahubhiḥ) - by many (arrows)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much

कर्णं (karṇaṁ) - Karṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (name of a warrior)

Note: Object of 'vivyādha'.

त्वरमाणः (tvaramāṇaḥ) - hurrying, hastening, acting quickly

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvaramāṇa

tvaramāṇa - hurrying, hastening

Present Middle Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root 'tvar'

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Describes the manner of action.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly

(indeclinable)