महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-145, verse-23

तच्छिरो न्यपतद्भूमौ संदष्टौष्ठपुटं रणे ।
महावातसमुद्धूतं पक्वं तालफलं यथा ॥२३॥

23. tacchiro nyapatadbhūmau saṁdaṣṭauṣṭhapuṭaṁ raṇe ,
mahāvātasamuddhūtaṁ pakvaṁ tālaphalaṁ yathā.

23. tat śiraḥ nyapatat bhūmau saṃdaṣṭa-oṣṭha-puṭam raṇe
mahā-vāta-samuddhūtam pakvam tāla-phalam yathā

23. tat śiraḥ saṃdaṣṭa-oṣṭha-puṭam raṇe bhūmau nyapatat,
mahā-vāta-samuddhūtam pakvam tāla-phalam yathā

23. His head, with lips pressed together, fell to the ground on the battlefield, just like a ripe palm fruit dislodged by a great wind.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - his (referring to the head) (that, his)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• संदष्ट-ओष्ठ-पुटम् (saṁdaṣṭa-oṣṭha-puṭam) - with lips pressed together

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

• महा-वात-समुद्धूतम् (mahā-vāta-samuddhūtam) - dislodged by a great wind

• पक्वम् (pakvam) - ripe, cooked, mature

• ताल-फलम् (tāla-phalam) - palm fruit

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - his (referring to the head) (that, his)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the head of the fallen warrior.

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top, chief

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect third singular active of root pat with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'ni' (down) indicates the direction of falling.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

संदष्ट-ओष्ठ-पुटम् (saṁdaṣṭa-oṣṭha-puṭam) - with lips pressed together

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃdaṣṭa-oṣṭha-puṭa

saṁdaṣṭa-oṣṭha-puṭa - having lips pressed together

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃdaṣṭa+oṣṭha+puṭa)

• saṃdaṣṭa – bitten, pressed, clenched
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root daś (to bite) with prefix sam.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: daś (class 1)
• oṣṭha – lip
  noun (masculine)
• puṭa – cup-like hollow, receptacle, a fold
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with śiraḥ.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, on the battlefield

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

महा-वात-समुद्धूतम् (mahā-vāta-samuddhūtam) - dislodged by a great wind

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahā-vāta-samuddhūta

mahā-vāta-samuddhūta - stirred up/dislodged by a great wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+vāta+samuddhūta)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• samuddhūta – stirred up, dislodged, shaken
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhū (to shake) with prefixes sam and ud.
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Agrees with tāla-phalam.

पक्वम् (pakvam) - ripe, cooked, mature

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pakva

pakva - ripe, cooked, mature, soft

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pac (to cook, ripen).

Root: pac (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tāla-phalam.

ताल-फलम् (tāla-phalam) - palm fruit

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tāla-phala

tāla-phala - fruit of the palm tree

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tāla+phala)

• tāla – palm tree, palmyra tree
  noun (masculine)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence
  noun (neuter)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.