महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-145, verse-45

श्रुत्वा तु रथनिर्घोषं गाण्डीवस्य च निस्वनम् ।
सूतपुत्रोऽब्रवीद्राजन्दुर्योधनमिदं वचः ॥४५॥

45. śrutvā tu rathanirghoṣaṁ gāṇḍīvasya ca nisvanam ,
sūtaputro'bravīdrājanduryodhanamidaṁ vacaḥ.

45. śrutvā tu rathanirghoṣam gāṇḍīvasya ca nisvanam
sūtaputraḥ abravīt rājan duryodhanam idam vacaḥ

45. rājan sūtaputraḥ tu rathanirghoṣam ca gāṇḍīvasya
nisvanam śrutvā idam vacaḥ duryodhanam abravīt

45. Indeed, having heard both the rumble of the chariots and the sound of the Gāṇḍīva (bow), O king, the son of Sūta (Karṇa) spoke these words to Duryodhana.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, and

• रथनिर्घोषम् (rathanirghoṣam) - the rumble/sound of chariots

• गाण्डीवस्य (gāṇḍīvasya) - Referring to Gāṇḍīva, the divine bow of Arjuna. (of the Gāṇḍīva (bow))

• च (ca) - and

• निस्वनम् (nisvanam) - the sound, roar, noise

• सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Refers to Karṇa, who was raised by a charioteer (sūta). (the son of Sūta (Karṇa))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Refers to Duryodhana, the eldest of the Kauravas. (to Duryodhana)

• इदम् (idam) - these, this

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech

Words meanings and morphology

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru with the suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

तु (tu) - indeed, but, and

(indeclinable)

रथनिर्घोषम् (rathanirghoṣam) - the rumble/sound of chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathanirghoṣa

rathanirghoṣa - sound of chariots, rumble of chariots

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ratha+nirghoṣa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• nirghoṣa – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: nir
  Root: ghuṣ (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'śrutvā'.

गाण्डीवस्य (gāṇḍīvasya) - Referring to Gāṇḍīva, the divine bow of Arjuna. (of the Gāṇḍīva (bow))

(proper noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of gāṇḍīva

gāṇḍīva - Gāṇḍīva (name of Arjuna's bow)

Note: Possessive case, indicating 'sound of the Gāṇḍīva'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'rathanirghoṣam' and 'nisvanam'.

निस्वनम् (nisvanam) - the sound, roar, noise

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nisvana

nisvana - sound, noise, roar, clang

Prefix: nis

Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'śrutvā'.

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Refers to Karṇa, who was raised by a charioteer (sūta). (the son of Sūta (Karṇa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer, son of Sūta (Karṇa)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Past Imperfect (Laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense (Laṅ) with augment 'a-'.

Root: brū (class 2)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - Refers to Duryodhana, the eldest of the Kauravas. (to Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

Note: Recipient of the speech.

इदम् (idam) - these, this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these, here

Note: Agrees with 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'abravīt'.

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