महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-145, verse-19

ते विद्ध्वा धन्विना तेन धृष्टद्युम्नं पुनर्मृधे ।
विव्यधुः पञ्चभिस्तूर्णमेकैको रथिनां वरः ॥१९॥

19. te viddhvā dhanvinā tena dhṛṣṭadyumnaṁ punarmṛdhe ,
vivyadhuḥ pañcabhistūrṇamekaiko rathināṁ varaḥ.

19. te viddhvā dhanvinā tena dhṛṣṭadyumnam punaḥ mṛdhe
vivyadhuh pañcabhiḥ tūrṇam ekaikaḥ rathinām varaḥ

19. tena dhanvinā viddhvā te rathinām varaḥ ekaikaḥ
punaḥ mṛdhe dhṛṣṭadyumnam pañcabhiḥ tūrṇam vivyadhuh

19. Having been struck by that archer, they, each one the best of charioteers, quickly pierced Dhṛṣṭadyumna again in battle with five arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - the warriors who are the subject of the action (they, those)

• विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having been struck (idiomatic usage in passive sense given context) (having pierced, having struck, having wounded)

• धन्विना (dhanvinā) - by that archer (referring to the one who struck 'them' before) (by an archer, by a bowman)

• तेन (tena) - by that (specific) archer (by that, by him)

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (indicating a repeated action) (again, furthermore, on the other hand)

• मृधे (mṛdhe) - in battle, in combat

• विव्यधुह् (vivyadhuh) - they pierced, they struck

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five (arrows, implied) (with five)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

• एकैकः (ekaikaḥ) - each of the warriors (each one, each single)

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers, among charioteers

• वरः (varaḥ) - the best (among the charioteers) (best, excellent, choicest)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - the warriors who are the subject of the action (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having been struck (idiomatic usage in passive sense given context) (having pierced, having struck, having wounded)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the root √vyadh (to pierce, strike) with the suffix -tvā.

Root: vyadh (class 4)

धन्विना (dhanvinā) - by that archer (referring to the one who struck 'them' before) (by an archer, by a bowman)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhanvin

dhanvin - archer, bowman, possessing a bow

Derived from 'dhanu' (bow) with the possessive suffix '-vin'.

तेन (tena) - by that (specific) archer (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'dhanvinā'.

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (a prominent warrior in the Mahabharata)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (indicating a repeated action) (again, furthermore, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

मृधे (mṛdhe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of mṛdh

mṛdh - battle, combat, fight

विव्यधुह् (vivyadhuh) - they pierced, they struck

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vivyadh

Perfect Active

Reduplicated perfect form of √vyadh (to pierce, strike).

Root: vyadh (class 4)

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five (arrows, implied) (with five)

(numeral)

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (used adverbially)

Derived from the root √tvar (to hurry) as a PPP, here used as an adverb.

Root: tvar (class 1)

एकैकः (ekaikaḥ) - each of the warriors (each one, each single)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ekaika

ekaika - each one, one by one, single, individual

Reduplication of 'eka' (one).

Compound type : dvandva (eka+eka)

• eka – one, single, alone
  numeral (masculine)

Note: Functions as a distributive adjective agreeing with 'te'.

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of charioteers, among charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

Derived from 'ratha' (chariot) with the possessive suffix '-in'.

वरः (varaḥ) - the best (among the charioteers) (best, excellent, choicest)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, choicest, boon, bridegroom

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: In agreement with 'ekaikaḥ', collectively referring to 'te'.