महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-145, verse-4

तथा परिवृतं दृष्ट्वा द्रोणमाचार्यसत्तमम् ।
पुत्रास्ते सर्वतो यत्ता ररक्षुर्द्रोणमाहवे ॥४॥

4. tathā parivṛtaṁ dṛṣṭvā droṇamācāryasattamam ,
putrāste sarvato yattā rarakṣurdroṇamāhave.

4. tathā parivṛtam dṛṣṭvā droṇam ācāryasattamam
putrāḥ te sarvataḥ yattāḥ rarakṣuḥ droṇam āhave

4. tathā परिवृतम् आचार्यसत्तमम् द्रोणम् दृष्ट्वा
ते पुत्राः सर्वतः यत्ताः आहवे द्रोणम् ररक्षुः

4. O great king, seeing the revered teacher Droṇa thus surrounded, your sons, vigilant from all directions, protected Droṇa in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• परिवृतम् (parivṛtam) - surrounded, encompassed

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

• आचार्यसत्तमम् (ācāryasattamam) - the best of teachers

• पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - Referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons, the Kauravas. (sons)

• ते (te) - Possessive pronoun referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons. (your)

• सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

• यत्ताः (yattāḥ) - ready, prepared, alert

• ररक्षुः (rarakṣuḥ) - they protected

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

परिवृतम् (parivṛtam) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered, chosen

Past Passive Participle

from prefix pari + root √vṛ (to cover/surround)

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa, name of a celebrated Brahmin warrior and teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas

आचार्यसत्तमम् (ācāryasattamam) - the best of teachers

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ācāryasattama

ācāryasattama - best among teachers, most excellent teacher

superlative suffix -tama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ācārya+sattama)

• ācārya – teacher, preceptor, master
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective
  superlative of 'sat' (good/true)

Note: Agrees with Droṇa.

पुत्राः (putrāḥ) - Referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons, the Kauravas. (sons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

ते (te) - Possessive pronoun referring to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons. (your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Enclitic form of the second person pronoun.

सर्वतः (sarvataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

(indeclinable)

derived from sarva (all) with suffix -tas

यत्ताः (yattāḥ) - ready, prepared, alert

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yatta

yatta - prepared, ready, engaged, striving, controlled

Past Passive Participle

from root √yat (to strive) or yā + √tam (to stop/restrain)

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with putrāḥ.

ररक्षुः (rarakṣuḥ) - they protected

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of √rakṣ

Root √rakṣ in perfect tense (liṭ), reduplication.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa, name of a celebrated Brahmin warrior and teacher of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, war, combat, conflict

From ā + √hve (to call)

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

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