महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-145, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तस्मिन्सुतुमुले युद्धे वर्तमाने भयावहे ।
धृष्टद्युम्नो महाराज द्रोणमेवाभ्यवर्तत ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tasminsutumule yuddhe vartamāne bhayāvahe ,
dhṛṣṭadyumno mahārāja droṇamevābhyavartata.

1. saṃjaya uvāca tasmin sutumule yuddhe vartamāne
bhayāvahe dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ mahārāja droṇam eva abhyavartata

1. saṃjaya uvāca: mahārāja,
tasmin sutumule bhayāvahe yuddhe vartamāne (sati),
dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ droṇam eva abhyavartata.

1. Sanjaya said: O great king (mahārāja), while that extremely tumultuous and terrifying battle was raging, Dhṛṣṭadyumna directly approached Droṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• सुतुमुले (sutumule) - in the very tumultuous, extremely violent

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while existing, going on, being present

• भयावहे (bhayāvahe) - in the terrifying

• धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - he approached, turned towards, advanced

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this

सुतुमुले (sutumule) - in the very tumultuous, extremely violent

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sutumula

sutumula - very tumultuous, exceedingly turbulent, violent

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (su+tumula)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• tumula – tumultuous, noisy, agitated
  adjective (neuter)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - while existing, going on, being present

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - present, existing, occurring, going on

Present Middle Participle

Present Middle Participle of root 'vṛt' (to turn, exist)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

भयावहे (bhayāvahe) - in the terrifying

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of bhayāvaha

bhayāvaha - causing fear, terrifying, frightful

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhaya+āvaha)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• āvaha – bringing, causing, producing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vah' (to carry, bring) with prefix 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: vah (class 1)

धृष्टद्युम्नः (dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (commander of the Pāṇḍava army, destined to kill Droṇa)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Drona

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

अभ्यवर्तत (abhyavartata) - he approached, turned towards, advanced

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Prefixes: abhi+ava

Root: vṛt (class 1)