महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-145, verse-39

तेन बाणेन निर्विद्धो वृषसेनो विशां पते ।
न्यपतत्स रथे मूढो धनुरुत्सृज्य वीर्यवान् ॥३९॥

39. tena bāṇena nirviddho vṛṣaseno viśāṁ pate ,
nyapatatsa rathe mūḍho dhanurutsṛjya vīryavān.

39. tena bāṇena nirviddhaḥ vṛṣasenaḥ viśām pate
nyapatat saḥ rathe mūḍhaḥ dhanuḥ utsṛjya vīryavān

39. viśām pate tena bāṇena nirviddhaḥ vīryavān
vṛṣasenaḥ dhanuḥ utsṛjya mūḍhaḥ saḥ rathe nyapatat

39. O lord of the people, struck by that arrow, the mighty Vṛṣasena, having abandoned his bow, fell unconscious in his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• बाणेन (bāṇena) - by the arrow

• निर्विद्धः (nirviddhaḥ) - pierced, struck, wounded

• वृषसेनः (vṛṣasenaḥ) - Vṛṣasena

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down

• सः (saḥ) - he

• रथे (rathe) - in the chariot

• मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - bewildered, unconscious, deluded

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - mighty, valiant, powerful

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the arrow.

बाणेन (bāṇena) - by the arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

निर्विद्धः (nirviddhaḥ) - pierced, struck, wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirviddha

nirviddha - pierced, struck, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vyadh' with prefix 'nir'

Prefix: nir

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Vṛṣasena.

वृषसेनः (vṛṣasenaḥ) - Vṛṣasena

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣasena

vṛṣasena - Vṛṣasena (son of Karṇa)

Note: The subject of the sentence.

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community

Note: Part of vocative address 'viśāṃ pate'.

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied speaker Saṃjaya).

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect

3rd person singular, prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: The prefix 'ni' indicates 'down'.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vṛṣasena.

रथे (rathe) - in the chariot

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

मूढः (mūḍhaḥ) - bewildered, unconscious, deluded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūḍha

mūḍha - bewildered, unconscious, foolish, deluded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'muh'

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Vṛṣasena.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: Object of 'utsṛjya'.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'sṛj' with prefix 'ud'

Prefix: ud

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Indicates prior action.

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - mighty, valiant, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - mighty, valiant, powerful

Possessive suffix '-vat'

Note: Qualifies Vṛṣasena.