महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-193, verse-56

शिष्यार्थं प्रददौ चापि द्रोणाय कुरुपुंगव ।
शिखण्डिनं महाराज पुत्रं स्त्रीपूर्विणं तथा ॥५६॥

56. śiṣyārthaṁ pradadau cāpi droṇāya kurupuṁgava ,
śikhaṇḍinaṁ mahārāja putraṁ strīpūrviṇaṁ tathā.

56. śiṣyārtham pradadau ca api droṇāya kurupuṅgava
śikhaṇḍinam mahārāja putram strīpūrviṇam tathā

56. kurupuṅgava mahārāja ca api śiṣyārtham strīpūrviṇam
putram śikhaṇḍinam droṇāya tathā pradadau

56. O chief of the Kurus (kurupuṅgava), O great king (mahārāja), he (Drupada) also gave his son Śikhaṇḍin, who was formerly a woman (strīpūrviṇam), to Droṇa as a disciple.

Words meanings summery:

• शिष्यार्थम् (śiṣyārtham) - for the sake of a disciple, as a student

• प्रददौ (pradadau) - gave, offered, bestowed

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even

• द्रोणाय (droṇāya) - to Droṇa

• कुरुपुङ्गव (kurupuṅgava) - A vocative address, typically to Dhritarashtra in Mahabharata narration (O chief of the Kurus)

• शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin

• महाराज (mahārāja) - A vocative address, typically to Dhritarashtra in Mahabharata narration (O great king)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• स्त्रीपूर्विणम् (strīpūrviṇam) - Referring to Śikhaṇḍin's past as a woman (who was formerly a woman, female in a former birth)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also

Words meanings and morphology

शिष्यार्थम् (śiṣyārtham) - for the sake of a disciple, as a student

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śiṣyārtha

śiṣyārtha - for the sake of a pupil/disciple

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śiṣya+artha)

• śiṣya – disciple, pupil
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, sake, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially

प्रददौ (pradadau) - gave, offered, bestowed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dā

Perfect, Parasmaipada

Root 'dā' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

द्रोणाय (droṇāya) - to Droṇa

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a prominent guru and warrior in the Mahabharata)

कुरुपुङ्गव (kurupuṅgava) - A vocative address, typically to Dhritarashtra in Mahabharata narration (O chief of the Kurus)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kurupuṅgava

kurupuṅgava - chief of the Kurus, best of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+puṅgava)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, chief, eminent, best
  noun (masculine)

शिखण्डिनम् (śikhaṇḍinam) - Śikhaṇḍin

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Śikhaṇḍin (a character in the Mahabharata, born as a girl and later became a man)

महाराज (mahārāja) - A vocative address, typically to Dhritarashtra in Mahabharata narration (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

स्त्रीपूर्विणम् (strīpūrviṇam) - Referring to Śikhaṇḍin's past as a woman (who was formerly a woman, female in a former birth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of strīpūrvin

strīpūrvin - having been a woman before, formerly a woman

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (strī+pūrvin)

• strī – woman, female
  noun (feminine)
• pūrvin – former, preceding, prior
  adjective (masculine)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, also

(indeclinable)