महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-193, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
शिखण्डिवाक्यं श्रुत्वाथ स यक्षो भरतर्षभ ।
प्रोवाच मनसा चिन्त्य दैवेनोपनिपीडितः ।
भवितव्यं तथा तद्धि मम दुःखाय कौरव ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
śikhaṇḍivākyaṁ śrutvātha sa yakṣo bharatarṣabha ,
provāca manasā cintya daivenopanipīḍitaḥ ,
bhavitavyaṁ tathā taddhi mama duḥkhāya kaurava.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca śikhaṇḍivākyam śrutvā atha
saḥ yakṣaḥ bharatarṣabha provāca
manasā cintya daivena upanipīḍitaḥ
bhavitavyam tathā tat hi mama duḥkhāya kaurava

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca bharatarṣabha kaurava
śikhaṇḍivākyam śrutvā atha manasā cintya
daivena upanipīḍitaḥ saḥ yakṣaḥ provāca
hi tat tathā bhavitavyam mama duḥkhāya

1. Bhishma said: O best of Bharatas, O Kuru, that Yaksha, having heard Shikhandin's words, and having pondered deeply, afflicted by destiny, then spoke: 'Indeed, this is destined to happen, and it will lead to my sorrow.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (name of a Kuru warrior)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• शिखण्डिवाक्यम् (śikhaṇḍivākyam) - Shikhandin's words

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• यक्षः (yakṣaḥ) - Yaksha

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best among Bharatas

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke, declared

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, mentally

• चिन्त्य (cintya) - having thought, having pondered

• दैवेन (daivena) - by destiny, by fate, by divine agency

• उपनिपीडितः (upanipīḍitaḥ) - oppressed, tormented, afflicted

• भवितव्यम् (bhavitavyam) - it must be, it is destined (to be)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• दुःखाय (duḥkhāya) - for sorrow, for distress

• कौरव (kaurava) - O Kuru (a descendant of Kuru)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (name of a Kuru warrior)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a formidable warrior in the Mahābhārata, son of Shantanu); terrible, formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice

Root: vac (class 2)

शिखण्डिवाक्यम् (śikhaṇḍivākyam) - Shikhandin's words

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śikhaṇḍivākya

śikhaṇḍivākya - Shikhandin's words/speech

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śikhaṇḍin+vākya)

• śikhaṇḍin – Shikhandin (a character in the Mahābhārata)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vākya – word, speech, statement, sentence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

यक्षः (yakṣaḥ) - Yaksha

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yakṣa

yakṣa - a class of nature-spirits, often benevolent but sometimes mischievous, associated with wealth and trees; a guardian of treasures

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best among Bharatas

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, chief among Bharatas (an epithet for noble warriors)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – Bharata (an ancient king, ancestor of the Kuru and Pandu clans); a descendant of Bharata
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)

प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke, declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd Person Singular, Active Voice, with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, mentally

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, thought, understanding

चिन्त्य (cintya) - having thought, having pondered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -ya after root with upasarga (here treated as simple root)

Root: cit (class 10)

दैवेन (daivena) - by destiny, by fate, by divine agency

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - destiny, fate, fortune; divine will, divine agency

उपनिपीडितः (upanipīḍitaḥ) - oppressed, tormented, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upanipīḍita

upanipīḍita - oppressed, tormented, afflicted, distressed

Past Passive Participle

From root pīḍ with prefixes upa and ni

Prefixes: upa+ni

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

भवितव्यम् (bhavitavyam) - it must be, it is destined (to be)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhavitavya

bhavitavya - what is to be, destined, future, proper to be

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From root bhū with suffix -tavya

Root: bhū (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हि (hi) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

दुःखाय (duḥkhāya) - for sorrow, for distress

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, distress

कौरव (kaurava) - O Kuru (a descendant of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaurava

kaurava - a descendant of Kuru; belonging to the Kuru lineage