महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-170, verse-13

अर्जुन उवाच ।
सुरासुरैरवध्यांस्तानहं ज्ञात्वा ततः प्रभो ।
अब्रुवं मातलिं हृष्टो याह्येतत्पुरमञ्जसा ॥१३॥

13. arjuna uvāca ,
surāsurairavadhyāṁstānahaṁ jñātvā tataḥ prabho ,
abruvaṁ mātaliṁ hṛṣṭo yāhyetatpuramañjasā.

13. arjunaḥ uvāca surāsuraiḥ avadhyān tān aham jñātvā
tataḥ prabho abruvam mātali yāhi etat puram añjasā

13. Arjuna said: 'O Lord, having understood that they were invulnerable to both gods and asuras, I then, delighted, told Matali: "Proceed at once to this city!"'

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• सुरासुरैः (surāsuraiḥ) - by gods and anti-gods, by devas and asuras

• अवध्यान् (avadhyān) - those who are invulnerable (invulnerable ones, not to be killed)

• तान् (tān) - those beings mentioned previously (those, them)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, thereupon, from there)

• प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord (addressing Krishna or a similar revered figure) (O lord, O master)

• अब्रुवम् (abruvam) - I said, I spoke

• मातलि (mātali) - O Matali (the charioteer of Indra) (O Matali)

• याहि (yāhi) - go! proceed!

• एतत् (etat) - this particular city (this, this one)

• पुरम् (puram) - the city (Hiranyapura, implied from context) (city, town, fortress)

• अञ्जसा (añjasā) - quickly, directly, truly, immediately

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a prominent hero in the Mahābhārata), white, silver

Note: The speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

सुरासुरैः (surāsuraiḥ) - by gods and anti-gods, by devas and asuras

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of surāsura

surāsura - gods and asuras

Compound type : dvandva (sura+asura)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• asura – demon, anti-god
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: a

Note: Agent of the 'invulnerability'.

अवध्यान् (avadhyān) - those who are invulnerable (invulnerable ones, not to be killed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, invulnerable

Gerundive

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix a- (negation) and suffix -ya (gerundive)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vadhya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vadhya – to be killed, killable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with suffix -ya (gerundive)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tān'.

तान् (tān) - those beings mentioned previously (those, them)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the invulnerable beings.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root jñā (to know) with suffix -tvā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Describes an action completed before the main verb 'abruvam'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, subsequently (then, thereupon, from there)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb of time.

प्रभो (prabho) - O Lord (addressing Krishna or a similar revered figure) (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, powerful

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

अब्रुवम् (abruvam) - I said, I spoke

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (luṅ) of bru

Imperfect active 1st singular

Root: bru (class 2)

Note: The main verb of the sentence, prefixed with 'a-' for imperfect tense.

मातलि (mātali) - O Matali (the charioteer of Indra) (O Matali)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mātali

mātali - Matali (Indra's charioteer)

Note: The person Arjuna is addressing.

याहि (yāhi) - go! proceed!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of yā

Imperative active 2nd singular

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Command to Matali.

एतत् (etat) - this particular city (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'puram'.

पुरम् (puram) - the city (Hiranyapura, implied from context) (city, town, fortress)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pura

pura - city, town, fortress

Note: Object of the verb 'yāhi'.

अञ्जसा (añjasā) - quickly, directly, truly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of añjas, used adverbially.

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying 'yāhi'.