महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-124, verse-62

शीलस्य तत्त्वमिच्छामि वेत्तुं कौरवनन्दन ।
प्राप्यते च यथा शीलं तमुपायं वदस्व मे ॥६२॥

62. śīlasya tattvamicchāmi vettuṁ kauravanandana ,
prāpyate ca yathā śīlaṁ tamupāyaṁ vadasva me.

62. śīlasya tattvam icchāmi vettum kāuravanandana
prāpyate ca yathā śīlam tam upāyam vadasva me

62. kāuravanandana śīlasya tattvam vettum icchāmi
ca yathā śīlam prāpyate tam upāyam me vadasva

62. O descendant of Kuru, I wish to understand the true nature of good character (śīla), and please tell me the method by which such character is attained.

Words meanings summery:

• शीलस्य (śīlasya) - of good character (of good conduct, of character, of virtue)

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - essence, true nature (essence, truth, reality, principle)

• इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire)

• वेत्तुम् (vettum) - to know, to understand (to know, to learn)

• काउरवनन्दन (kāuravanandana) - O descendant of Kuru (vocative) (descendant of Kuru, son of Kuru)

• प्राप्यते (prāpyate) - is attained (is attained, is reached, is obtained)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, according to, how)

• शीलम् (śīlam) - good character (good conduct, character, virtue)

• तम् (tam) - that (that (masculine accusative singular))

• उपायम् (upāyam) - method (means, method, way)

• वदस्व (vadasva) - please tell (tell, speak (imperative))

• मे (me) - to me (to me, my, for me)

Words meanings and morphology

शीलस्य (śīlasya) - of good character (of good conduct, of character, of virtue)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of śīla

śīla - good conduct, character, virtue, moral habit, nature

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - essence, true nature (essence, truth, reality, principle)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - reality, truth, principle, essence, element

From tad (that) + tva (suffix forming abstract nouns).

इच्छामि (icchāmi) - I wish (I wish, I desire)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present active indicative

From root √iṣ (class 6).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

वेत्तुम् (vettum) - to know, to understand (to know, to learn)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive from root √vid (class 2).

Root: vid (class 2)

काउरवनन्दन (kāuravanandana) - O descendant of Kuru (vocative) (descendant of Kuru, son of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kāuravanandana

kāuravanandana - son of Kuru, delight of the Kurus

Compound: Kaurava (descendant of Kuru) + nandana (son, delight).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāurava+nandana)

• kāurava – descendant of Kuru
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from Kuru, referring to the lineage.
• nandana – son, delight, causing joy
  noun (masculine)
  From root √nand (to rejoice).
  Root: nand (class 1)

प्राप्यते (prāpyate) - is attained (is attained, is reached, is obtained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of prāp

Present middle indicative

From root √āp (to obtain) with prefix pra-. Class 5.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

यथा (yathā) - how (as, just as, according to, how)

(indeclinable)

शीलम् (śīlam) - good character (good conduct, character, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śīla

śīla - good conduct, character, virtue, moral habit, nature

Note: Subject of the passive verb prāpyate.

तम् (tam) - that (that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

उपायम् (upāyam) - method (means, method, way)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upaya

upaya - means, method, way, resource

From prefix upa- and root √i (to go).

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of vadasva.

वदस्व (vadasva) - please tell (tell, speak (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Imperative middle

From root √vad (class 1). Middle voice, second person singular imperative.

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Yudhishthira (implied).

मे (me) - to me (to me, my, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Enclitic form of the first person pronoun.