महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-124, verse-21

ततो बृहस्पतिस्तस्मै ज्ञानं नैःश्रेयसं परम् ।
कथयामास भगवान्देवेन्द्राय कुरूद्वह ॥२१॥

21. tato bṛhaspatistasmai jñānaṁ naiḥśreyasaṁ param ,
kathayāmāsa bhagavāndevendrāya kurūdvaha.

21. tataḥ Bṛhaspatiḥ tasmai jñānam naiḥśreyasam
param kathayāmāsa Bhagavān Devendrāya Kurūdvaha

21. Kurūdvaha tataḥ Bhagavān Bṛhaspatiḥ tasmai
Devendrāya param naiḥśreyasam jñānam kathayāmāsa

21. O foremost of Kurus, then the revered Brihaspati recounted to Devendra (Indra) that supreme knowledge (jñāna) which leads to final liberation (naiḥśreyas).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Brihaspati

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to Indra (to him, for him)

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom, understanding (jñāna)

• नैःश्रेयसम् (naiḥśreyasam) - (knowledge) leading to final liberation (naiḥśreyas) (leading to supreme good, ultimately beneficial, leading to final liberation (naiḥśreyas))

• परम् (param) - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate

• कथयामास (kathayāmāsa) - he narrated, he recounted, he told

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - the revered Brihaspati (the revered one, the venerable one, the fortunate one)

• देवेन्द्राय (devendrāya) - to Indra (to the king of gods, to Indra)

• कुरूद्वह (kurūdvaha) - address to a descendant of Kuru, typically Yudhishthira or Janamejaya (O foremost of Kurus, O leader of the Kurus)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

derived from pronoun tad (that)

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Brihaspati

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Bṛhaspati

Bṛhaspati - Brihaspati, the preceptor of the gods

तस्मै (tasmai) - to Indra (to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Devendra (Indra).

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, wisdom, understanding (jñāna)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding (jñāna)

from root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

नैःश्रेयसम् (naiḥśreyasam) - (knowledge) leading to final liberation (naiḥśreyas) (leading to supreme good, ultimately beneficial, leading to final liberation (naiḥśreyas))

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of naiḥśreyasa

naiḥśreyasa - leading to the highest good or bliss, resulting in final liberation (naiḥśreyas)

derived from niḥśreyas

Note: Agrees with jñānam.

परम् (param) - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, other, beyond

Note: Agrees with jñānam.

कथयामास (kathayāmāsa) - he narrated, he recounted, he told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (lit) of kath

perfect active indicative, 3rd singular (causative stem of kath)

from root kath (denominative from kathā 'story')

Root: kath (class 10)

भगवान् (bhagavān) - the revered Brihaspati (the revered one, the venerable one, the fortunate one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Bhagavat

Bhagavat - possessing fortune, glorious, revered, divine; Lord (Bhagavān)

Note: Epithet for Bṛhaspati.

देवेन्द्राय (devendrāya) - to Indra (to the king of gods, to Indra)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of Devendra

Devendra - king of the gods, Indra

compound of Deva (god) + Indra

Compound type : tatpurusha (deva+Indra)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• Indra – Indra, the king of the gods
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Indra.

कुरूद्वह (kurūdvaha) - address to a descendant of Kuru, typically Yudhishthira or Janamejaya (O foremost of Kurus, O leader of the Kurus)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of Kurūdvaha

Kurūdvaha - foremost of the Kurus, leader of the Kurus

compound of Kuru (clan name) + udvaha (bearer, leader)

Compound type : tatpurusha (Kuru+udvaha)

• Kuru – name of an ancient king and his dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• udvaha – bearer, leader, chief
  noun (masculine)
  from ud-vah (to carry up, bear)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: vah (class 1)