महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-1, verse-55

नोत्तरं प्रतिपेदे च तत्र युक्तं ह्रिया वृतः ।
स मुहूर्तमिव ध्यात्वा बाष्पविह्वलमब्रवीत् ॥५५॥

55. nottaraṁ pratipede ca tatra yuktaṁ hriyā vṛtaḥ ,
sa muhūrtamiva dhyātvā bāṣpavihvalamabravīt.

55. na uttaram pratipede ca tatra yuktam hriyā vṛtaḥ
sa muhūrtam iva dhyātvā bāṣpavihvalam abravīt

55. sa hriyā vṛtaḥ tatra yuktam uttaram ca na pratipede.
sa muhūrtam iva dhyātvā bāṣpavihvalam abravīt

55. Overwhelmed by shame, he could not give a suitable reply in that situation. After thinking for a moment, he spoke, agitated by tears.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• उत्तरम् (uttaram) - answer, reply

• प्रतिपेदे (pratipede) - he obtained, he gave, he understood

• च (ca) - and, also

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that matter

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - suitable, appropriate

• ह्रिया (hriyā) - by shame

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - covered, surrounded, overwhelmed

• स (sa) - he

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment

• इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

• ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having meditated, having thought

• बाष्पविह्वलम् (bāṣpavihvalam) - agitated by tears, overwhelmed with tears, tearfully

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

उत्तरम् (uttaram) - answer, reply

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttara

uttara - answer, reply, north, upper

Root: tṛ (class 1)

प्रतिपेदे (pratipede) - he obtained, he gave, he understood

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of pratipad

derived from √pad with upasarga prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: This is a perfect tense form of a root which can be both active and middle. 'Pratipede' is middle voice.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that matter

(indeclinable)

युक्तम् (yuktam) - suitable, appropriate

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - suitable, appropriate, joined, engaged

Past Passive Participle

derived from √yuj

Root: yuj (class 7)

ह्रिया (hriyā) - by shame

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of hrī

hrī - shame, modesty

Root: hrī (class 3)

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - covered, surrounded, overwhelmed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - covered, surrounded, chosen

Past Passive Participle

derived from √vṛ

Root: vṛ (class 5)

स (sa) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - moment, short time, period of 48 minutes

Note: Expresses duration of time (adverbial accusative).

इव (iva) - as if, like, similar to

(indeclinable)

ध्यात्वा (dhyātvā) - having meditated, having thought

(indeclinable)

absolutive

derived from √dhyā

Root: dhyā (class 1)

बाष्पविह्वलम् (bāṣpavihvalam) - agitated by tears, overwhelmed with tears, tearfully

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bāṣpa+vihvala)

• bāṣpa – tear, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• vihvala – agitated, bewildered, confused
  adjective
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hva (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially here to describe the manner of speaking, meaning 'agitated by tears, tearfully'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of brū

Derived from √brū (to speak). Here, 'abravīt' is from the aorist system, 3rd person singular active.

Root: brū (class 2)