महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-1, verse-28

तस्मिन्रात्रिमुखे घोरे दुःखशोकसमन्विताः ।
कृतवर्मा कृपो द्रौणिरुपोपविविशुः समम् ॥२८॥

28. tasminrātrimukhe ghore duḥkhaśokasamanvitāḥ ,
kṛtavarmā kṛpo drauṇirupopaviviśuḥ samam.

28. tasmin rātrimukhe ghore duḥkhaśokasammanvitāḥ
kṛtavarmā kṛpaḥ drauṇiḥ upopaviviśuḥ samam

28. tasmin ghore rātrimukhe,
duḥkhaśokasammanvitāḥ kṛtavarmā,
kṛpaḥ,
drauṇiḥ ca samam upopaviviśuḥ

28. In that terrible onset of night, Kṛtavarmā, Kṛpa, and the son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman), filled with sorrow and grief, sat down together nearby.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

• रात्रिमुखे (rātrimukhe) - at the beginning of the night, at nightfall

• घोरे (ghore) - in the terrible, in the dreadful

• दुःखशोकसम्मन्विताः (duḥkhaśokasammanvitāḥ) - accompanied by sorrow and grief, filled with pain and anguish

• कृतवर्मा (kṛtavarmā) - Kṛtavarmā (proper noun)

• कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa (proper noun)

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāman (son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman))

• उपोपविविशुः (upopaviviśuḥ) - they sat down near, they took their seats nearby

• समम् (samam) - together, equally, at the same time

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Agrees with 'rātrimukhe' and 'ghore'

रात्रिमुखे (rātrimukhe) - at the beginning of the night, at nightfall

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rātrimukha

rātrimukha - beginning of the night, nightfall, onset of night

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rātri+mukha)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – mouth, face, chief, principal, beginning, front
  noun (neuter)

घोरे (ghore) - in the terrible, in the dreadful

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, frightful, awful, grim

Note: Agrees with 'rātrimukhe'

दुःखशोकसम्मन्विताः (duḥkhaśokasammanvitāḥ) - accompanied by sorrow and grief, filled with pain and anguish

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhaśokasammanvita

duḥkhaśokasammanvita - accompanied by sorrow and grief, filled with pain and anguish

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+śoka+sammanvita)

• duḥkha – pain, suffering, sorrow, distress
  noun (neuter)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
• sammanvita – accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'man' with upasargas 'sam' and 'anv'
  Prefixes: sam+anv
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with Kṛtavarmā, Kṛpa, Drauṇi

कृतवर्मा (kṛtavarmā) - Kṛtavarmā (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavarman

kṛtavarman - Kṛtavarman (a proper name, general of the Kauravas)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+varman)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• varman – armor, shield
  noun (neuter)

कृपः (kṛpaḥ) - Kṛpa (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpa

kṛpa - Kṛpa (a proper name, a teacher and warrior)

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Aśvatthāman (son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāman)

Patronymic from Droṇa

उपोपविविशुः (upopaviviśuḥ) - they sat down near, they took their seats nearby

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of upopaviś

Intensive/Reduplicated aorist form, often implying 'sitting down again' or 'sitting down near'

Prefixes: upa+upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Reduplicated Perfect (Lit) form of viś with double upa prefix, emphasizing sitting 'near' or 'together'.

समम् (samam) - together, equally, at the same time

(indeclinable)