महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-1, verse-52

निद्रार्तमर्धरात्रे च तथा नष्टप्रणायकम् ।
भिन्नयोधं बलं यच्च द्विधा युक्तं च यद्भवेत् ॥५२॥

52. nidrārtamardharātre ca tathā naṣṭapraṇāyakam ,
bhinnayodhaṁ balaṁ yacca dvidhā yuktaṁ ca yadbhavet.

52. nidrārtam ardharātre ca tathā naṣṭapraṇāyakam
bhinnayodham balam yat ca dvidhā yuktam ca yat bhavet

52. yat balam nidrārtam ardharātre ca tathā naṣṭapraṇāyakam
bhinnayodham ca yat dvidhā yuktam bhavet

52. Furthermore, an army should be attacked if it is drowsy, in the middle of the night, if it has lost its leader, if its warriors are divided, or if it is deployed in two separate divisions.

Words meanings summery:

• निद्रार्तम् (nidrārtam) - afflicted by sleep, drowsy

• अर्धरात्रे (ardharātre) - at midnight

• च (ca) - and, also

• तथा (tathā) - thus, similarly, also

• नष्टप्रणायकम् (naṣṭapraṇāyakam) - having lost its leader

• भिन्नयोधम् (bhinnayodham) - having divided warriors, whose soldiers are split

• बलम् (balam) - force, army, strength

• यत् (yat) - which, whatever

• च (ca) - and, also

• द्विधा (dvidhā) - in two ways, in two parts

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - joined, united, arrayed, deployed

• च (ca) - and, also

• यत् (yat) - which, whatever

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be

Words meanings and morphology

निद्रार्तम् (nidrārtam) - afflicted by sleep, drowsy

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nidrārta

nidrārta - afflicted by sleep, drowsy, sleepy

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nidrā+ārta)

• nidrā – sleep, slumber
  noun (feminine)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'ṛ' (to go, to move), meaning 'suffering'
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

अर्धरात्रे (ardharātre) - at midnight

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ardharātra

ardharātra - midnight

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ardha+rātra)

• ardha – half
  noun (neuter)
• rātra – night
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - thus, similarly, also

(indeclinable)

नष्टप्रणायकम् (naṣṭapraṇāyakam) - having lost its leader

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of naṣṭapraṇāyaka

naṣṭapraṇāyaka - having a lost leader, leaderless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (naṣṭa+praṇāyaka)

• naṣṭa – lost, destroyed, ruined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'naś'
  Root: naś (class 4)
• praṇāyaka – leader, guide
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'nī' with upasarga 'pra'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: nī (class 1)

भिन्नयोधम् (bhinnayodham) - having divided warriors, whose soldiers are split

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhinnayodha

bhinnayodha - having divided or scattered warriors

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhinna+yodha)

• bhinna – divided, broken, separated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root 'bhid'
  Root: bhid (class 7)
• yodha – warrior, soldier, fighter
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'yudh'
  Root: yudh (class 4)

बलम् (balam) - force, army, strength

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - force, strength, army

यत् (yat) - which, whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

द्विधा (dvidhā) - in two ways, in two parts

(indeclinable)

युक्तम् (yuktam) - joined, united, arrayed, deployed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, yoked, connected, engaged, proper, arrayed, deployed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'yuj'

Root: yuj (class 7)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which, whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Optative Mood

3rd person singular optative active of root 'bhū'

Root: bhū (class 1)