महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-1, verse-31

ततो निद्रावशं प्राप्तौ कृपभोजौ महारथौ ।
सुखोचितावदुःखार्हौ निषण्णौ धरणीतले ।
तौ तु सुप्तौ महाराज श्रमशोकसमन्वितौ ॥३१॥

31. tato nidrāvaśaṁ prāptau kṛpabhojau mahārathau ,
sukhocitāvaduḥkhārhau niṣaṇṇau dharaṇītale ,
tau tu suptau mahārāja śramaśokasamanvitau.

31. tataḥ nidrāvaśam prāptau kṛpa-bhojau
mahārathau sukha-ucitau a-duḥkha-arhau
niṣaṇṇau dharaṇītale tau tu
suptau mahārāja śrama-śoka-samanvitau

31. mahārāja tataḥ kṛpa-bhojau mahārathau
sukha-ucitau a-duḥkha-arhau
nidrāvaśam prāptau dharaṇītale niṣaṇṇau
tu tau suptau śrama-śoka-samanvitau

31. Then, Kṛpa and Bhoja, the great charioteers, accustomed to comfort and not deserving of distress, fell under the sway of sleep (nidrā) and lay down on the ground. But those two, O great king, sleeping, were overwhelmed by fatigue and sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, thence, from that

• निद्रावशम् (nidrāvaśam) - sway of sleep, power of sleep

• प्राप्तौ (prāptau) - having fallen under (having reached, having obtained, having fallen into)

• कृप-भोजौ (kṛpa-bhojau) - Kṛpa and Bhoja

• महारथौ (mahārathau) - two great charioteers, two great warriors

• सुख-उचितौ (sukha-ucitau) - accustomed to comfort, deserving of happiness

• अ-दुःख-अर्हौ (a-duḥkha-arhau) - not deserving of distress, not worthy of sorrow

• निषण्णौ (niṣaṇṇau) - seated, lying down, settled

• धरणीतले (dharaṇītale) - on the ground, on the surface of the earth

• तौ (tau) - those two, they two

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• सुप्तौ (suptau) - sleeping, asleep

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• श्रम-शोक-समन्वितौ (śrama-śoka-samanvitau) - accompanied by fatigue and sorrow, overwhelmed with toil and grief

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

निद्रावशम् (nidrāvaśam) - sway of sleep, power of sleep

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nidrāvaśa

nidrāvaśa - sway of sleep, under the control of sleep

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nidrā+vaśa)

• nidrā – sleep, slumber
  noun (feminine)
• vaśa – sway, control, power, will
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

प्राप्तौ (prāptau) - having fallen under (having reached, having obtained, having fallen into)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, acquired, happened, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'āp' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'kṛpabhojau'.

कृप-भोजौ (kṛpa-bhojau) - Kṛpa and Bhoja

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kṛpa-bhoja

kṛpa-bhoja - Kṛpa and Bhoja

Dvanda compound listing two proper names

Compound type : dvandva (kṛpa+bhoja)

• kṛpa – Kṛpa (name of a warrior)
  proper noun (masculine)
• bhoja – Bhoja (name of a warrior, king, or tribe)
  proper noun (masculine)

महारथौ (mahārathau) - two great charioteers, two great warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior, commander of many chariots

Karmadhāraya compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kṛpabhojau'.

सुख-उचितौ (sukha-ucitau) - accustomed to comfort, deserving of happiness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of sukha-ucita

sukha-ucita - accustomed to comfort, deserving of happiness, fit for pleasure

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sukha+ucita)

• sukha – comfort, happiness, pleasure, ease
  noun (neuter)
• ucita – proper, fit, suitable, accustomed, usual
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'vac' (to speak) but often used in the sense of 'suitable' or 'accustomed'
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'kṛpabhojau'.

अ-दुःख-अर्हौ (a-duḥkha-arhau) - not deserving of distress, not worthy of sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of aduḥkhārha

aduḥkhārha - not deserving of distress, unworthy of sorrow

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+duḥkhārha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• duḥkhārha – deserving of distress, worthy of sorrow
  adjective (masculine)
  Tatpuruṣa compound of 'duḥkha' and 'arha'

Note: Agrees with 'kṛpabhojau'.

निषण्णौ (niṣaṇṇau) - seated, lying down, settled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of niṣaṇṇa

niṣaṇṇa - seated, lying down, settled, fixed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sad' with prefix 'ni'

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'kṛpabhojau'.

धरणीतले (dharaṇītale) - on the ground, on the surface of the earth

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dharaṇītala

dharaṇītala - ground, surface of the earth

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharaṇī+tala)

• dharaṇī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, ground, plain, base
  noun (neuter)

तौ (tau) - those two, they two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, those

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

सुप्तौ (suptau) - sleeping, asleep

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of supta

supta - slept, sleeping, asleep

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'svap'

Root: svap (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tau'.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Karmadhāraya compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

श्रम-शोक-समन्वितौ (śrama-śoka-samanvitau) - accompanied by fatigue and sorrow, overwhelmed with toil and grief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śrama-śoka-samanvita

śrama-śoka-samanvita - accompanied by fatigue and sorrow, overcome by toil and grief

Tatpuruṣa compound with 'samanvita' as the final member

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śrama+śoka+samanvita)

• śrama – fatigue, weariness, toil, effort
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śram (class 4)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• samanvita – accompanied by, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefixes 'sam' and 'anu'
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tau'.