महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-1, verse-43

तद्दृष्ट्वा सोपधं कर्म कौशिकेन कृतं निशि ।
तद्भावकृतसंकल्पो द्रौणिरेको व्यचिन्तयत् ॥४३॥

43. taddṛṣṭvā sopadhaṁ karma kauśikena kṛtaṁ niśi ,
tadbhāvakṛtasaṁkalpo drauṇireko vyacintayat.

43. tat dṛṣṭvā sopadham karma kauśikena kṛtam niśi
tadbhāvakṛtasaṅkalpaḥ drauṇiḥ ekaḥ vyacintayat

43. niśi kauśikena sopadham tat karma kṛtam dṛṣṭvā
ekaḥ drauṇiḥ tadbhāvakṛtasaṅkalpaḥ vyacintayat

43. Seeing that deceptive act (karma) performed by Kauśika in the night, Droṇi (Aśvatthāmā) alone, whose resolve was fixed on that very idea, pondered.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (deceptive) (that, it)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सोपोधम् (sopodham) - deceptive (deceptive, fraudulent, with deceit)

• कर्म (karma) - act, deed (karma) (act, action, deed, ritual, fate)

• कौशिकेन (kauśikena) - by Kauśika (referring to Aśvatthāmā) (by Kauśika)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed (done, made, performed)

• निशि (niśi) - in the night

• तद्भावकृतसङ्कल्पः (tadbhāvakṛtasaṅkalpaḥ) - (Droṇi) whose resolve was fixed on that method (of deceit) (one whose resolve is fixed on that idea)

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droṇi (Aśvatthāmā) (son of Droṇa)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - alone (one, alone, solitary)

• व्यचिन्तयत् (vyacintayat) - pondered, thought (pondered, thought, considered)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (deceptive) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the 'karma' (act).

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root 'dṛś' with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सोपोधम् (sopodham) - deceptive (deceptive, fraudulent, with deceit)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sopodha

sopodha - with deceit, fraudulent, deceptive

Bahuvrīhi compound of 'sa' (with) and 'upadha' (deceit).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+upadha)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• upadha – deceit, fraud, trick
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

कर्म (karma) - act, deed (karma) (act, action, deed, ritual, fate)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - act, action, deed, ritual, fate

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-man'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

कौशिकेन (kauśikena) - by Kauśika (referring to Aśvatthāmā) (by Kauśika)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kauśika

kauśika - a descendant of Kuśika; a proper name (e.g., Viśvāmitra, Aśvatthāmā)

Patronymic from Kuśika.

Note: Agent of the action 'kṛtam'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - performed (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-ta'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

निशि (niśi) - in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of niś

niś - night

Note: Indicates time.

तद्भावकृतसङ्कल्पः (tadbhāvakṛtasaṅkalpaḥ) - (Droṇi) whose resolve was fixed on that method (of deceit) (one whose resolve is fixed on that idea)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tadbhāvakṛtasaṅkalpa

tadbhāvakṛtasaṅkalpa - one whose resolve is fixed on that idea/method

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'tat' (that) + 'bhāva' (idea/method) + 'kṛta' (made/fixed) + 'saṅkalpa' (resolve).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tat+bhāva+kṛta+saṅkalpa)

• tat – that, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• bhāva – idea, intention, method
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, to exist).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• kṛta – done, made, fixed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-ta'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• saṅkalpa – resolve, determination
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kḷp' (to arrange, to be adapted) with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Droṇi.

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Droṇi (Aśvatthāmā) (son of Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)

Patronymic from Droṇa.

Note: Subject of 'vyacintayat'.

एकः (ekaḥ) - alone (one, alone, solitary)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, alone, solitary, single

Note: Qualifies Droṇi.

व्यचिन्तयत् (vyacintayat) - pondered, thought (pondered, thought, considered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of cint

Imperfect (laṅ-lakāra) 3rd person singular, with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: cit (class 10)