महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-1, verse-29

तत्रोपविष्टाः शोचन्तो न्यग्रोधस्य समन्ततः ।
तमेवार्थमतिक्रान्तं कुरुपाण्डवयोः क्षयम् ॥२९॥

29. tatropaviṣṭāḥ śocanto nyagrodhasya samantataḥ ,
tamevārthamatikrāntaṁ kurupāṇḍavayoḥ kṣayam.

29. tatra upaviṣṭāḥ śocantaḥ nyagrodhasya samantataḥ
tam eva artham atikrāntam kurupāṇḍavayoḥ kṣayam

29. tatra nyagrodhasya samantataḥ upaviṣṭāḥ,
śocantaḥ,
te tam eva atikrāntam artham kurupāṇḍavayoḥ kṣayam (śocantaḥ)

29. Seated there, grieving all around the banyan tree, they pondered that very past event: the destruction of the Kurus and Pāṇḍavas.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• उपविष्टाः (upaviṣṭāḥ) - seated, sitting

• शोचन्तः (śocantaḥ) - grieving, lamenting

• न्यग्रोधस्य (nyagrodhasya) - of the banyan tree

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - all around, on all sides

• तम् (tam) - that, him, it

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, very

• अर्थम् (artham) - matter, event, subject (object, purpose, meaning, matter, wealth)

• अतिक्रान्तम् (atikrāntam) - passed, gone by, elapsed, overcome

• कुरुपाण्डवयोः (kurupāṇḍavayoḥ) - of the Kurus and Pāṇḍavas

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction, loss, decay

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

उपविष्टाः (upaviṣṭāḥ) - seated, sitting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sitting, sat down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'viś' (to enter, sit) with upasarga 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Refers to Kṛtavarmā, Kṛpa, Drauṇi from the previous verse.

शोचन्तः (śocantaḥ) - grieving, lamenting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śocat

śocat - grieving, lamenting, sorrowing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'śuc' (to grieve, sorrow)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Refers to Kṛtavarmā, Kṛpa, Drauṇi.

न्यग्रोधस्य (nyagrodhasya) - of the banyan tree

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nyagrodha

nyagrodha - banyan tree, Ficus indica

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - all around, on all sides

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that, him, it

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Note: Agrees with 'artham'

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, very

(indeclinable)

अर्थम् (artham) - matter, event, subject (object, purpose, meaning, matter, wealth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - object, purpose, aim, meaning, sense, matter, thing, wealth, advantage

अतिक्रान्तम् (atikrāntam) - passed, gone by, elapsed, overcome

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atikrānta

atikrānta - passed, gone by, elapsed, overcome, transgressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kram' (to step, go) with upasarga 'ati'

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'artham'

कुरुपाण्डवयोः (kurupāṇḍavayoḥ) - of the Kurus and Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of kurupāṇḍava

kurupāṇḍava - Kurus and Pāṇḍavas (dual compound)

Compound type : dvandva (kuru+pāṇḍava)

• kuru – Kuru (a lineage/people)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pāṇḍava – descendant of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍava
  proper noun (masculine)

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - destruction, loss, decay

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, ruin, decay, loss, end

Root: kṣi (class 1)