महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-1, verse-17

संजय उवाच ।
गत्वा तु तावका राजन्नातिदूरमवस्थिताः ।
अपश्यन्त वनं घोरं नानाद्रुमलताकुलम् ॥१७॥

17. saṁjaya uvāca ,
gatvā tu tāvakā rājannātidūramavasthitāḥ ,
apaśyanta vanaṁ ghoraṁ nānādrumalatākulam.

17. saṃjaya uvāca gatvā tu tāvakāḥ rājan na atidūram
avasthitāḥ apaśyanta vanam ghoram nānādrumalatākulam

17. saṃjaya uvāca rājan tu tāvakāḥ na atidūram avasthitāḥ
gatvā nānādrumalatākulam ghoram vanam apaśyanta

17. Saṃjaya said: "O King, your people, having gone not very far, observed a dreadful forest dense with various trees and creepers."

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, moreover

• तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your people, your sons

• राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Saṃjaya (O King)

• न (na) - not

• अतिदूरम् (atidūram) - very far, too far

• अवस्थिताः (avasthitāḥ) - situated, standing, being

• अपश्यन्त (apaśyanta) - they saw, they beheld

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

• घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

• नानाद्रुमलताकुलम् (nānādrumalatākulam) - full of various trees and creepers, dense with diverse trees and vines

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (the charioteer and narrator)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone

(indeclinable)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, moreover

(indeclinable)

तावकाः (tāvakāḥ) - your people, your sons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, belonging to you, your men/people

Derived from yuşmad (you) + aṇ

Note: Refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons/followers.

राजन् (rājan) - Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra by Saṃjaya (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अतिदूरम् (atidūram) - very far, too far

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of atidūra

atidūra - very far, too distant

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (ati+dūra)

• ati – very, excessively, beyond
  indeclinable
• dūra – far, distant
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially here.

अवस्थिताः (avasthitāḥ) - situated, standing, being

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avasthita

avasthita - situated, standing, present, firm

Past Passive Participle

Derived from ava + sthā + kta

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

अपश्यन्त (apaśyanta) - they saw, they beheld

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Used with 'paśya' stem in present/imperfect

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

घोरम् (ghoram) - dreadful, terrible, fearful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - dreadful, terrible, fearful, formidable

नानाद्रुमलताकुलम् (nānādrumalatākulam) - full of various trees and creepers, dense with diverse trees and vines

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nānādrumalatākula

nānādrumalatākula - full of various trees and creepers

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nānā+druma+latā+ākula)

• nānā – various, diverse, manifold
  indeclinable
• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)
• latā – creeper, vine
  noun (feminine)
• ākula – crowded, dense, full of, agitated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from ā + kul + kta
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kul (class 10)