महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-1, verse-22

उपेत्य तु तदा राजन्न्यग्रोधं ते महारथाः ।
ददृशुर्द्विपदां श्रेष्ठाः श्रेष्ठं तं वै वनस्पतिम् ॥२२॥

22. upetya tu tadā rājannyagrodhaṁ te mahārathāḥ ,
dadṛśurdvipadāṁ śreṣṭhāḥ śreṣṭhaṁ taṁ vai vanaspatim.

22. upetya tu tadā rājan nyagrodham te mahārathāḥ
dadṛśuḥ dvipadām śreṣṭhāḥ śreṣṭham tam vai vanaspatim

22. rājan te dvipadām śreṣṭhāḥ mahārathāḥ tadā nyagrodham
upetya tam vai śreṣṭham vanaspatim dadṛśuḥ

22. Then, O King, those great charioteers, who were the foremost among men, approached that banyan tree and beheld that supreme tree.

Words meanings summery:

• उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached, having gone near

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• न्यग्रोधम् (nyagrodham) - the banyan tree

• ते (te) - those, they

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw, they beheld

• द्विपदाम् (dvipadām) - of bipeds, of men

• श्रेष्ठाः (śreṣṭhāḥ) - best, foremost, supreme

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - the excellent, the best

• तम् (tam) - that

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• वनस्पतिम् (vanaspatim) - the tree, the lord of the forest

Words meanings and morphology

उपेत्य (upetya) - having approached, having gone near

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root i (to go) with prefix upa, forming an absolutive suffix -tya.

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj

न्यग्रोधम् (nyagrodham) - the banyan tree

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nyagrodha

nyagrodha - banyan tree, Ficus indica

ते (te) - those, they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, a warrior capable of fighting 10,000 archers

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw, they beheld

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect Tense

Reduplicated perfect form of root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

द्विपदाम् (dvipadām) - of bipeds, of men

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dvipada

dvipada - biped, man, human being

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dvi+pada)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• pada – foot, step, leg
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pad

श्रेष्ठाः (śreṣṭhāḥ) - best, foremost, supreme

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, foremost, supreme

superlative

Superlative form of praśasya (excellent/praiseworthy).

Root: praśas

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - the excellent, the best

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, foremost, supreme

superlative

Superlative form of praśasya (excellent/praiseworthy).

Root: praśas

तम् (tam) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

वनस्पतिम् (vanaspatim) - the tree, the lord of the forest

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanaspati

vanaspati - tree, large tree, lord of the forest

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (vana+pati)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
  Root: van
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā