महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-1, verse-12

कथं राज्ञः पिता भूत्वा स्वयं राजा च संजय ।
प्रेष्यभूतः प्रवर्तेयं पाण्डवेयस्य शासनात् ॥१२॥

12. kathaṁ rājñaḥ pitā bhūtvā svayaṁ rājā ca saṁjaya ,
preṣyabhūtaḥ pravarteyaṁ pāṇḍaveyasya śāsanāt.

12. katham rājñaḥ pitā bhūtvā svayam rājā ca saṃjaya
preṣyabhūtaḥ pravarteyam pāṇḍaveyasya śāsanāt

12. saṃjaya,
katham rājñaḥ pitā ca svayam rājā bhūtvā,
pāṇḍaveyasya śāsanāt preṣyabhūtaḥ pravarteyam?

12. O Saṃjaya, how could I, having been the father of a king and a king myself, behave as a mere servant under the command of the Pāṇḍava?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king

• पिता (pitā) - father

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, having been

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, by oneself

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya

• प्रेष्यभूतः (preṣyabhūtaḥ) - having become a servant, acting as a servant

• प्रवर्तेयम् (pravarteyam) - I should act, I should behave, I should proceed

• पाण्डवेयस्य (pāṇḍaveyasya) - of the Pāṇḍava, of the son of Pāṇḍu

• शासनात् (śāsanāt) - from the command, by the rule, by the instruction

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become, having been

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root bhū with suffix -tvā

Root: bhū (class 1)

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, by oneself

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

प्रेष्यभूतः (preṣyabhūtaḥ) - having become a servant, acting as a servant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of preṣyabhūta

preṣyabhūta - become a servant, having assumed the role of a messenger/servant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (preṣya+bhūta)

• preṣya – a servant, messenger, one to be sent
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root iṣ (to send) with upasarga pra-, + -ya (gerundive suffix)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: iṣ (class 4)
• bhūta – become, been, existing
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

प्रवर्तेयम् (pravarteyam) - I should act, I should behave, I should proceed

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pra-vṛt

Optative mood, Atmanepada

Root vṛt with upasarga pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

पाण्डवेयस्य (pāṇḍaveyasya) - of the Pāṇḍava, of the son of Pāṇḍu

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pāṇḍaveya

pāṇḍaveya - son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu with the patronymic suffix -eya.

शासनात् (śāsanāt) - from the command, by the rule, by the instruction

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of śāsana

śāsana - command, rule, instruction, government, punishment

Derived from root śās (to command, rule)

Root: śās (class 2)