महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-1, verse-44

उपदेशः कृतोऽनेन पक्षिणा मम संयुगे ।
शत्रूणां क्षपणे युक्तः प्राप्तकालश्च मे मतः ॥४४॥

44. upadeśaḥ kṛto'nena pakṣiṇā mama saṁyuge ,
śatrūṇāṁ kṣapaṇe yuktaḥ prāptakālaśca me mataḥ.

44. upadeśaḥ kṛtaḥ anena pakṣiṇā mama saṃyuge
śatrūṇām kṣapaṇe yuktaḥ prāptakālaḥ ca me mataḥ

44. anena pakṣiṇā mama saṃyuge upadeśaḥ kṛtaḥ
śatrūṇām kṣapaṇe yuktaḥ ca me prāptakālaḥ mataḥ

44. This bird has provided an instruction to me for combat: it is suitable for the destruction of enemies, and I consider it to be the opportune moment.

Words meanings summery:

• उपदेशः (upadeśaḥ) - instruction (a strategic lesson) (instruction, advice, teaching, suggestion)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - given, provided (done, made, performed, given)

• अनेन (anena) - by this (bird) (by this, by him/her/it)

• पक्षिणा (pakṣiṇā) - by this bird (the owl) (by a bird)

• मम (mama) - to me, for me (to me, my, for me)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in/for battle/combat (in battle, in combat, in union)

• शत्रूणाम् (śatrūṇām) - of enemies

• क्षपणे (kṣapaṇe) - for the destruction (in destruction, in annihilating)

• युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - suitable, proper, effective (joined, connected, suitable, proper, engaged in)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• प्राप्तकालः (prāptakālaḥ) - opportune, timely (opportune time, timely, the right moment)

• मे (me) - by me (in my opinion) (by me, to me, my)

• मतः (mataḥ) - considered (by me) (thought, considered, approved, opinion)

Words meanings and morphology

उपदेशः (upadeśaḥ) - instruction (a strategic lesson) (instruction, advice, teaching, suggestion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upadeśa

upadeśa - instruction, advice, teaching, suggestion

From root 'diś' (to point out, show) with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Subject of 'kṛtaḥ'.

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - given, provided (done, made, performed, given)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, given

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do) with suffix '-ta'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'upadeśaḥ'.

अनेन (anena) - by this (bird) (by this, by him/her/it)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the 'pakṣiṇā'.

पक्षिणा (pakṣiṇā) - by this bird (the owl) (by a bird)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pakṣin

pakṣin - bird, winged creature

Note: Agent of the action 'kṛtaḥ'.

मम (mama) - to me, for me (to me, my, for me)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Recipient of the instruction.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - in/for battle/combat (in battle, in combat, in union)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, combat, union, conjunction

From root 'yuj' (to join) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Indicates the sphere of the instruction.

शत्रूणाम् (śatrūṇām) - of enemies

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

Note: Connected to 'kṣapaṇe'.

क्षपणे (kṣapaṇe) - for the destruction (in destruction, in annihilating)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṣapaṇa

kṣapaṇa - destruction, annihilation, killing

Derived from root 'kṣap' (to destroy, to kill).

Root: kṣap (class 1)

Note: Indicates purpose.

युक्तः (yuktaḥ) - suitable, proper, effective (joined, connected, suitable, proper, engaged in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, suitable, proper, engaged in

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yuj' (to join) with suffix '-ta'.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'upadeśaḥ' (implied 'ayam').

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses.

प्राप्तकालः (prāptakālaḥ) - opportune, timely (opportune time, timely, the right moment)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāptakāla

prāptakāla - opportune time, timely, the right moment

Compound: 'prāpta' (obtained, reached) + 'kāla' (time).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāpta+kāla)

• prāpta – obtained, reached, arrived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'āp' (to obtain) with prefix 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'upadeśaḥ' (implied 'ayam').

मे (me) - by me (in my opinion) (by me, to me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Agent of 'mataḥ' (understood as "in my opinion").

मतः (mataḥ) - considered (by me) (thought, considered, approved, opinion)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mata

mata - thought, considered, approved, opinion

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'man' (to think, believe) with suffix '-ta'.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'upadeśaḥ' (implied 'ayam').