योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-35, verse-34

कुम्भे भग्ने क्षते क्षीणे कुम्भाकाशस्य का क्षतिः ।
पिशाचक इवादृश्यो मनो नामोदितं मुधा ॥ ३४ ॥

kumbhe bhagne kṣate kṣīṇe kumbhākāśasya kā kṣatiḥ ,
piśācaka ivādṛśyo mano nāmoditaṃ mudhā 34

34. kumbhe bhagne kṣate kṣīṇe kumbhākāśasya kā kṣatiḥ
piśācakaḥ iva adṛśyaḥ manaḥ nāma uditam mudhā

34. kumbhe bhagne kṣate kṣīṇe (sati) kumbhākāśasya kā kṣatiḥ (syāt)? adṛśyaḥ piśācakaḥ iva manaḥ nāma mudhā uditam.

34. When a pot is broken, damaged, or wasted away, what damage is done to the space (ākāśa) within the pot? Similarly, the mind (manas) has arisen in vain, unseen, like a goblin (piśāca).

Words meanings summery:

• कुम्भे (kumbhe) - in the pot, in the jar

• भग्ने (bhagne) - broken, shattered, defeated

• क्षते (kṣate) - damaged, injured, wounded

• क्षीणे (kṣīṇe) - wasted away, diminished, perished

• कुम्भाकाशस्य (kumbhākāśasya) - of the space within the pot, of the pot-ether

• का (kā) - what, which

• क्षतिः (kṣatiḥ) - damage, loss, injury, destruction

• पिशाचकः (piśācakaḥ) - a little goblin, demon

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अदृश्यः (adṛśyaḥ) - invisible, unseen

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, thought

• नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, namely

• उदितम् (uditam) - arisen, manifested, uttered

• मुधा (mudhā) - in vain, uselessly, wrongly

Words meanings and morphology

कुम्भे (kumbhe) - in the pot, in the jar

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kumbha

kumbha - pot, jar, pitcher, water-pot

भग्ने (bhagne) - broken, shattered, defeated

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, destroyed, defeated

Past Passive Participle

From root bhañj (to break), suffix -na

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction.

क्षते (kṣate) - damaged, injured, wounded

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣata

kṣata - injured, wounded, damaged, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṣaṇ (to hurt, injure)

Root: kṣaṇ (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction.

क्षीणे (kṣīṇe) - wasted away, diminished, perished

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṣīṇa

kṣīṇa - diminished, wasted away, perished, exhausted, weak

Past Passive Participle

From root kṣi (to waste, destroy)

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction.

कुम्भाकाशस्य (kumbhākāśasya) - of the space within the pot, of the pot-ether

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kumbhākāśa

kumbhākāśa - the space within a pot, pot-ether (a common philosophical example)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kumbha+ākāśa)

• kumbha – pot, jar, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• ākāśa – space, ether, sky
  noun (masculine)

का (kā) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

क्षतिः (kṣatiḥ) - damage, loss, injury, destruction

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣati

kṣati - damage, loss, injury, harm, destruction

From root kṣi (to destroy, injure)

Root: kṣi (class 5)

पिशाचकः (piśācakaḥ) - a little goblin, demon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of piśācaka

piśācaka - a small demon, goblin, imp

Diminutive form of piśāca

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अदृश्यः (adṛśyaḥ) - invisible, unseen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adṛśya

adṛśya - invisible, unseen, not to be seen

Gerundive

Negative prefix a- + gerundive dṛśya (to be seen)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dṛśya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• dṛśya – visible, to be seen, perceptible
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root dṛś (to see), suffix -ya
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Although 'manas' is neuter, 'adṛśyaḥ' (masculine) is used here likely as a semantic description or personification of the mind.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind, intellect, thought

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, understanding, thought, conscience

Root: man (class 4)

नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, namely

(indeclinable)

उदितम् (uditam) - arisen, manifested, uttered

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of udita

udita - risen, appeared, uttered, spoken, produced

Past Passive Participle

From root i (to go) with prefix ud

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

मुधा (mudhā) - in vain, uselessly, wrongly

(indeclinable)

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