योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-35, verse-31

तुम्बकोपरि धाराश्च का नः क्षतिरुपस्थिता ।
दीपाङ्गातिगतो रज्वा नालोको बध्यते यथा ॥ ३१ ॥

tumbakopari dhārāśca kā naḥ kṣatirupasthitā ,
dīpāṅgātigato rajvā nāloko badhyate yathā 31

31. tumbakopari dhārāḥ ca kā naḥ kṣatiḥ upasthitā
dīpāṅgātigataḥ rajjvā na ālokaḥ badhyate yathā

31. tumbakopari dhārāḥ ca,
naḥ kā kṣatiḥ upasthitā? yathā dīpāṅgātigataḥ ālokaḥ rajjvā na badhyate

31. What harm can come to us when streams of water fall upon a gourd? Just as light (āloka), having gone beyond the physical lamp-body, cannot be bound by a rope.

Words meanings summery:

• तुम्बकोपरि (tumbakopari) - upon a gourd

• धाराः (dhārāḥ) - streams of water (streams, currents, flows)

• च (ca) - and, also

• का (kā) - what (feminine)

• नः (naḥ) - to us (to us, for us, our)

• क्षतिः (kṣatiḥ) - harm, injury, loss

• उपस्थिता (upasthitā) - arisen, occurred, present

• दीपाङ्गातिगतः (dīpāṅgātigataḥ) - having gone beyond the lamp's body

• रज्ज्वा (rajjvā) - by a rope

• न (na) - not, no

• आलोकः (ālokaḥ) - light, perception, sight

• बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound, is tied

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

Words meanings and morphology

तुम्बकोपरि (tumbakopari) - upon a gourd

(indeclinable)

Compound of tumbaka and upari

Compound type : avyayībhāva (tumbaka+upari)

• tumbaka – gourd, pumpkin, a kind of musical instrument
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• upari – above, over, upon, on top of
  indeclinable

धाराः (dhārāḥ) - streams of water (streams, currents, flows)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of dhārā

dhārā - stream, current, flow, shower, edge

From root dhṛ 'to hold'

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

का (kā) - what (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Feminine nominative singular of kim

नः (naḥ) - to us (to us, for us, our)

(pronoun)

plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person plural pronoun

क्षतिः (kṣatiḥ) - harm, injury, loss

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣati

kṣati - harm, injury, loss, destruction

From root kṣi 'to destroy'

Root: kṣi (class 1)

उपस्थिता (upasthitā) - arisen, occurred, present

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of upasthita

upasthita - standing near, present, arrived, occurred, ready

Past Passive Participle

From upa + sthā

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

दीपाङ्गातिगतः (dīpāṅgātigataḥ) - having gone beyond the lamp's body

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīpāṅgātigata

dīpāṅgātigata - having gone beyond the body/part of a lamp

Past Active Participle (implied by context meaning "having gone")

Compound of dīpāṅga and atigata

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dīpāṅga+atigata)

• dīpāṅga – body of a lamp, part of a lamp (referring to the wick or oil reservoir)
  noun (neuter)
  Compound of dīpa and aṅga
• atigata – gone beyond, surpassed, transcended
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ati + gam
  Prefix: ati
  Root: gam (class 1)

रज्ज्वा (rajjvā) - by a rope

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of rajju

rajju - rope, cord, string

Root: raj (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

आलोकः (ālokaḥ) - light, perception, sight

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āloka

āloka - light, vision, perception, sight

From ā + lok

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 10)

बध्यते (badhyate) - is bound, is tied

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of bandh

Present Passive Indicative

Third person singular

Root: bandh (class 9)

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

(indeclinable)

Correlative adverb

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