वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-51

राघवः प्रत्ययार्थं तु दुन्दुभेः कायमुत्तमम् ।
पादाङ्गुष्ठेन चिक्षेप संपूर्णं दशयोजनम् ॥५१॥

51. rāghavaḥ pratyayārthaṃ tu dundubheḥ kāyamuttamam ,
pādāṅguṣṭhena cikṣepa saṃpūrṇaṃ daśayojanam.

51. rāghavaḥ pratyayārthaṃ tu dundubheḥ kāyam uttamam
pādāṅguṣṭhena cikṣepa saṃpūrṇaṃ daśayojanam

51. tu rāghavaḥ pratyayārthaṃ pādāṅguṣṭhena dundubheḥ
uttamam kāyam saṃpūrṇaṃ daśayojanam cikṣepa

51. To inspire confidence, Rama (Raghava) then hurled the excellent body of Dundubhi a full ten yojanas with his big toe.

Words meanings summery:

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (Rama (descendant of Raghu))

• प्रत्ययार्थं (pratyayārthaṁ) - for the sake of conviction, to inspire confidence (for the sake of conviction, for inspiring trust/belief)

• तु (tu) - then (connective) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• दुन्दुभेः (dundubheḥ) - of Dundubhi (a demon) (of Dundubhi, from Dundubhi)

• कायम् (kāyam) - body

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (best, excellent, highest)

• पादाङ्गुष्ठेन (pādāṅguṣṭhena) - with his big toe (by the big toe of the foot, with the big toe)

• चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - he hurled (he threw, he hurled, he cast)

• संपूर्णं (saṁpūrṇaṁ) - a full (distance) (full, complete, entire)

• दशयोजनम् (daśayojanam) - ten yojanas (distance)

Words meanings and morphology

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rama (Rama (descendant of Raghu))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, a name of Rama

patronymic derivative from Raghu

Note: Subject of cikṣepa.

प्रत्ययार्थं (pratyayārthaṁ) - for the sake of conviction, to inspire confidence (for the sake of conviction, for inspiring trust/belief)

(indeclinable)

compound formed with pratyaya (conviction) and artha (sake)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pratyaya+artha)

• pratyaya – conviction, belief, trust, assurance
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: prati+ā
• artha – purpose, aim, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial phrase.

तु (tu) - then (connective) (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a particle for emphasis or connection.

दुन्दुभेः (dundubheḥ) - of Dundubhi (a demon) (of Dundubhi, from Dundubhi)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dundubhi

dundubhi - Dundubhi (a proper name, name of a demon); drum

Note: Possessive genitive.

कायम् (kāyam) - body

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, collection

Note: Direct object of cikṣepa.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (best, excellent, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of uttama

uttama - best, excellent, highest, supreme

superlative degree of 'ud' (up)

Note: Agrees with kāyam.

पादाङ्गुष्ठेन (pādāṅguṣṭhena) - with his big toe (by the big toe of the foot, with the big toe)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pādāṅguṣṭha

pādāṅguṣṭha - big toe of the foot

compound of pāda (foot) and aṅguṣṭha (thumb/toe)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāda+aṅguṣṭha)

• pāda – foot, leg, quarter
  noun (masculine)
• aṅguṣṭha – thumb, big toe
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrument of action.

चिक्षेप (cikṣepa) - he hurled (he threw, he hurled, he cast)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of kṣip

Perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of root kṣip

Root: kṣip (class 6)

संपूर्णं (saṁpūrṇaṁ) - a full (distance) (full, complete, entire)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saṃpūrṇa

saṁpūrṇa - full, complete, entire, perfect

Past Passive Participle

derived from root pṛ (to fill) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Adverbial modifier of the distance (daśayojanam).

दशयोजनम् (daśayojanam) - ten yojanas (distance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daśayojana

daśayojana - a distance of ten yojanas

compound of daśa (ten) and yojana (a unit of distance)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (daśa+yojana)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• yojana – yojana (a unit of distance, roughly 8-15 km)
  noun (neuter)
  derived from root yuj (to yoke, join)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Measure of distance, functioning adverbially.