वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-39

ततो ज्ञातिवधं श्रुत्वा रावणः क्रोधमूर्छितः ।
सहायं वरयामास मारीचं नाम राक्षसं ॥३९॥

39. tato jñātivadhaṃ śrutvā rāvaṇaḥ krodhamūrchitaḥ ,
sahāyaṃ varayāmāsa mārīcaṃ nāma rākṣasaṃ.

39. tataḥ jñātivadham śrutvā rāvaṇaḥ krodhamūrcchitaḥ
sahāyam varayāmāsa mārīcam nāma rākṣasam

39. tataḥ jñātivadham śrutvā krodhamūrcchitaḥ
rāvaṇaḥ mārīcam nāma rākṣasam sahāyam varayāmāsa

39. Then, having heard of the slaying of his kinsmen, Rāvaṇa, overcome with rage, sought the demon named Mārica as an ally.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating a sequence of events) (then, thereafter, from that)

• ज्ञातिवधम् (jñātivadham) - the slaying of his relatives (the slaying of kinsmen, kin-slaughter)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (about the slaying) (having heard)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (the demon king) (Rāvaṇa)

• क्रोधमूर्च्छितः (krodhamūrcchitaḥ) - overcome with rage (overcome with anger, fainted with rage)

• सहायम् (sahāyam) - an ally (help, an assistant, an ally)

• वरयामास (varayāmāsa) - sought/chose (chose, sought, requested)

• मारीचम् (mārīcam) - Mārica (a specific demon) (Mārica)

• नाम (nāma) - by name (by name, named, indeed)

• राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - the demon (Mārica) (a demon, a rākṣasa)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (indicating a sequence of events) (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

ablative of 'tad' used as an adverb

ज्ञातिवधम् (jñātivadham) - the slaying of his relatives (the slaying of kinsmen, kin-slaughter)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jñātivadha

jñātivadha - slaughter of kinsmen

Compound type : tatpurusha (jñāti+vadha)

• jñāti – kinsman, relative
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• vadha – slaying, killing, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'han' (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (about the slaying) (having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root śru + tvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Absolutive form.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (the demon king) (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (proper name, the king of Laṅkā)

क्रोधमूर्च्छितः (krodhamūrcchitaḥ) - overcome with rage (overcome with anger, fainted with rage)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krodhamūrcchita

krodhamūrcchita - overcome/fainted with anger/rage

Compound type : tatpurusha (krodha+mūrcchita)

• krodha – anger, wrath, rage
  noun (masculine)
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• mūrcchita – fainted, unconscious, overcome, intoxicated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root mūrcch + kta
  Root: mūrcch (class 1)

Note: Compound adjective describing Rāvaṇa.

सहायम् (sahāyam) - an ally (help, an assistant, an ally)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahāya

sahāya - help, assistance; a companion, ally, assistant

Note: Object of 'varayāmāsa'.

वरयामास (varayāmāsa) - sought/chose (chose, sought, requested)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vṛ

Periphrastic perfect (ām-suffix conjugation)

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Periphrastic perfect formed with 'ām' and perfect of 'as'.

मारीचम् (mārīcam) - Mārica (a specific demon) (Mārica)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārīca

mārīca - Mārica (proper name, a demon)

Note: Object of 'varayāmāsa'.

नाम (nāma) - by name (by name, named, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Originally a neuter noun, used adverbially as indeclinable.

Note: Used to specify the name of the demon.

राक्षसम् (rākṣasam) - the demon (Mārica) (a demon, a rākṣasa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, a rākṣasa

Note: Appositive to Mārica.