वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-28

चित्रकूटं गते रामे पुत्रशोकातुरस्तदा ।
राजा दशरथः स्वर्गं जगाम विलपन् सुतम् ॥२८॥

28. citrakūṭaṃ gate rāme putraśokāturastadā ,
rājā daśarathaḥ svargaṃ jagāma vilapan sutam.

28. citrakūṭam gate rāme putraśokāturaḥ tadā
rājā daśarathaḥ svargam jagāma vilapan sutam

28. tadā rāme citrakūṭam gate rājā daśarathaḥ
putraśokāturaḥ sutam vilapan svargam jagāma

28. When Rama had departed for Chitrakuta, King Dasharatha, then afflicted by grief for his son, went to heaven, lamenting for him.

Words meanings summery:

• चित्रकूटम् (citrakūṭam) - to Chitrakuta

• गते (gate) - having gone, when gone

• रामे (rāme) - in Rama, when Rama

• पुत्रशोकातुरः (putraśokāturaḥ) - distressed by sorrow for his son

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• राजा (rājā) - king

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasharatha

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - to heaven

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he attained

• विलपन् (vilapan) - lamenting, weeping

• सुतम् (sutam) - for his son, his son (accusative of object of lamentation)

Words meanings and morphology

चित्रकूटम् (citrakūṭam) - to Chitrakuta

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of citrakūṭa

citrakūṭa - Chitrakuta (name of a mountain or region)

गते (gate) - having gone, when gone

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'gam' (root) + 'kta' (suffix).

Root: gam (class 1)

रामे (rāme) - in Rama, when Rama

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a prince, an incarnation of Vishnu)

पुत्रशोकातुरः (putraśokāturaḥ) - distressed by sorrow for his son

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putraśokātura

putraśokātura - afflicted by grief for a son

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+śoka+ātura)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• ātura – afflicted, distressed, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'ā' (prefix) + 'tur' (root 'to hasten, to be afflicted') + 'a' suffix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: tur (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rājā daśarathaḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from demonstrative pronoun 'tad'.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

`n`-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasharatha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasharatha (name of a king)

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - to heaven

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, celestial world

Note: Object of motion for 'jagāma'.

जगाम (jagāma) - he went, he attained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of gam

Perfect (Liṭ-lakāra), Active Voice, Third Person Singular

Reduplicated perfect form of 'gam'.

Root: gam (class 1)

विलपन् (vilapan) - lamenting, weeping

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vilapat

vilapat - lamenting, crying, wailing

Present Active Participle

From 'vi' (prefix) + 'lap' (root 'to lament') + 'śatṛ' (active participle suffix).

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

सुतम् (sutam) - for his son, his son (accusative of object of lamentation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past passive participle of 'sū' (to beget) but often used as a noun.

Root: sū (class 2)