वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-30

पादुके चास्य राज्याय न्यासं दत्त्वा पुनः पुनः ।
निवर्तयामास ततो भरतं भरताग्रजः ॥३०॥

30. pāduke cāsya rājyāya nyāsaṃ dattvā punaḥ punaḥ ,
nivartayāmāsa tato bharataṃ bharatāgrajaḥ.

30. pāduke ca asya rājyāya nyāsam dattvā punaḥ
punaḥ nivartayāmāsa tataḥ bharatam bharatāgrajaḥ

30. bharatāgrajaḥ asya pāduke rājyāya nyāsam punaḥ
punaḥ dattvā tataḥ bharatam nivartayāmāsa

30. And, giving his two sandals (pāduke) as a repeated trust (nyāsa) for the kingdom, Rama, the elder brother of Bharata, then made Bharata return from there.

Words meanings summery:

• पादुके (pāduke) - his two sandals (pāduke) (two sandals)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अस्य (asya) - his (Rama's) (of him, his, of this)

• राज्याय (rājyāya) - for the kingdom (for the kingdom, to the kingdom)

• न्यासम् (nyāsam) - as a trust (a deposit, a trust, laying down)

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

• पुनः (punaḥ) - repeatedly (again, repeatedly, moreover)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - repeatedly (again, repeatedly, moreover)

• निवर्तयामास (nivartayāmāsa) - made (Bharata) return (caused to return, made to turn back)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there (the forest) (from there, then, therefore)

• भरतम् (bharatam) - Bharata

• भरताग्रजः (bharatāgrajaḥ) - Rama, the elder brother of Bharata (Bharata's elder brother)

Words meanings and morphology

पादुके (pāduke) - his two sandals (pāduke) (two sandals)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, dual of pādukā

pādukā - sandal, shoe

Note: Object of `dattvā`.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - his (Rama's) (of him, his, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rama.

राज्याय (rājyāya) - for the kingdom (for the kingdom, to the kingdom)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

Derived from rājan (king) with suffix -ya.

Note: Indicates purpose.

न्यासम् (nyāsam) - as a trust (a deposit, a trust, laying down)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nyāsa

nyāsa - deposit, trust, pledge, laying down

Derived from root as (to throw, to place) with prefixes ni- and ā-.

Prefixes: ni+ā

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Object of `dattvā`.

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having given

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dā (3rd class) with suffix -tvā.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Functions adverbially.

पुनः (punaḥ) - repeatedly (again, repeatedly, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

पुनः (punaḥ) - repeatedly (again, repeatedly, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeated for emphasis.

निवर्तयामास (nivartayāmāsa) - made (Bharata) return (caused to return, made to turn back)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of nivartaya

Perfect Active, Causative

Causative of root vṛt (to turn) with prefix ni-, conjugated in the Perfect tense.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The agent is `bharatāgrajaḥ`.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there (the forest) (from there, then, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the forest where Rama was.

भरतम् (bharatam) - Bharata

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper name), one who is maintained, a supporter

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of `nivartayāmāsa`.

भरताग्रजः (bharatāgrajaḥ) - Rama, the elder brother of Bharata (Bharata's elder brother)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharatāgraja

bharatāgraja - elder brother of Bharata

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+agraja)

• bharata – Bharata (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• agraja – elder brother, first-born
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from agra (front, first) + ja (born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Rama, the subject of the verb `nivartayāmāsa`.