वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-4

आत्मवान् को जितक्रोधो द्युतिमान् को ऽनसूयकः ।
कस्य बिभ्यति देवाश्च जातरोषस्य संयुगे ॥४॥

4. ātmavān ko jitakrodho dyutimān ko'nasūyakaḥ ,
kasya bibhyati devāśca jātaroṣasya saṃyuge.

4. ātmavān kaḥ jitakrodhaḥ dyutimān kaḥ anasūyakaḥ
kasya bibhyati devāḥ ca jātaroṣasya saṃyuge

4. kaḥ ātmavān kaḥ jitakrodhaḥ kaḥ dyutimān kaḥ
anasūyakaḥ ca kasya jātaroṣasya devāḥ saṃyuge bibhyati

4. Who is self-controlled (ātman)? Who has conquered anger? Who is radiant? And who is free from envy? Of whom do even the gods become afraid in battle when his wrath has arisen?

Words meanings summery:

• आत्मवान् (ātmavān) - possessing self-control and inner strength (self-possessed, endowed with ātman (soul/self), resolute, firm)

• कः (kaḥ) - "Who is self-possessed...?" (who)

• जितक्रोधः (jitakrodhaḥ) - one who has subdued their anger (who has conquered anger, victorious over wrath)

• द्युतिमान् (dyutimān) - possessing great splendor or brilliance (radiant, glorious, brilliant, lustrous)

• कः (kaḥ) - "Who is radiant...?" (who)

• अनसूयकः (anasūyakaḥ) - free from jealousy or malice (not envious, not fault-finding, not malicious)

• कस्य (kasya) - to whom do the gods fear (of whom, whose)

• बिभ्यति (bibhyati) - the gods are afraid of him (they fear, they are afraid)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - celestial beings (gods, deities)

• च (ca) - "even the gods" (and, even)

• जातरोषस्य (jātaroṣasya) - referring to the person whose anger is provoked (of one whose wrath has arisen)

• संयुगे (saṁyuge) - during a combat or fight (in battle, in conflict)

Words meanings and morphology

आत्मवान् (ātmavān) - possessing self-control and inner strength (self-possessed, endowed with ātman (soul/self), resolute, firm)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmavat

ātmavat - self-possessed, resolute, spiritual, intelligent

Possessive suffix `matup/vatup` added to `ātman`

Note: Refers to one who has control over their inner self (ātman).

कः (kaḥ) - "Who is self-possessed...?" (who)

(interrogative pronoun)

जितक्रोधः (jitakrodhaḥ) - one who has subdued their anger (who has conquered anger, victorious over wrath)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jitakrodha

jitakrodha - having conquered anger

Compound of `jita` (conquered) and `krodha` (anger)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+krodha)

• jita – conquered, won, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `ji` (to conquer)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• krodha – anger, wrath, rage
  noun (masculine)
  From root `kudh` (to be angry)
  Root: kudh (class 4)

द्युतिमान् (dyutimān) - possessing great splendor or brilliance (radiant, glorious, brilliant, lustrous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dyutimat

dyutimat - brilliant, splendid, glorious, shining

Possessive suffix `matup/vatup` added to `dyuti`

कः (kaḥ) - "Who is radiant...?" (who)

(interrogative pronoun)

अनसूयकः (anasūyakaḥ) - free from jealousy or malice (not envious, not fault-finding, not malicious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anasūyaka

anasūyaka - not envious, free from malice, not fault-finding

Negative prefix `an` + `asūyaka` (envious, fault-finding)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+asūyaka)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• asūyaka – envious, fault-finding, malicious
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `asūy` (to be envious)
  Root: asūy (class 10)

कस्य (kasya) - to whom do the gods fear (of whom, whose)

(interrogative pronoun)

बिभ्यति (bibhyati) - the gods are afraid of him (they fear, they are afraid)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of bhī

Present Tense

Present indicative active, 3rd person plural, reduplicated root

Root: bhī (class 3)

देवाः (devāḥ) - celestial beings (gods, deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine, celestial

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of `bibhyati`.

च (ca) - "even the gods" (and, even)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/emphatic particle

जातरोषस्य (jātaroṣasya) - referring to the person whose anger is provoked (of one whose wrath has arisen)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jātaroṣa

jātaroṣa - one whose wrath has arisen, enraged

Compound of `jāta` (born, arisen) and `roṣa` (wrath)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jāta+roṣa)

• jāta – born, produced, arisen, happened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `jan` (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• roṣa – anger, wrath, rage
  noun (masculine)
  From root `ruṣ` (to be angry)
  Root: ruṣ (class 4)

Note: Refers to the "whom" in `kasya`.

संयुगे (saṁyuge) - during a combat or fight (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃyuga

saṁyuga - battle, conflict, encounter, war

From `yuj` with prefix `sam`

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Adverbial use indicating "in battle".