वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-2

को न्वस्मिन् साम्प्रतं लोके गुणवान् कश्च वीर्यवान् ।
धर्मज्ञश्च कृतज्ञश्च सत्यवाक्यो दृढव्रतः ॥२॥

2. ko nvasmin sāmprataṃ loke guṇavān kaśca vīryavān ,
dharmajñaśca kṛtajñaśca satyavākyo dṛḍhavrataḥ.

2. kaḥ nu asmin sāmpratam loke guṇavān kaḥ ca vīryavān
dharmajñaḥ ca kṛtajñaḥ ca satyavākyaḥ dṛḍhavrataḥ

2. asmin sāmpratam loke nu kaḥ guṇavān kaḥ ca vīryavān
dharmajñaḥ ca kṛtajñaḥ ca satyavākyaḥ dṛḍhavrataḥ

2. Who indeed, in this present world, is endowed with good qualities? Who is valorous? Who knows righteousness (dharma) and is grateful, truthful, and resolute in his vows?

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - Vālmīki's question, "Who is...?" (who, which)

• नु (nu) - an emphatic particle, "who indeed" (indeed, surely, now, then (interrogative or emphatic particle))

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (present) world (in this)

• साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - indicating the present era or context in the world (now, at present, at this time)

• लोके (loke) - in this world (in the world, among people)

• गुणवान् (guṇavān) - having excellent qualities (virtuous, endowed with good qualities, meritorious)

• कः (kaḥ) - "And who is...?" (who)

• च (ca) - connects the various qualities asked by Vālmīki (and)

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - possessing strength and courage (powerful, valorous, heroic, full of energy)

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knowledgeable about righteousness (dharma) (knowing righteousness, conversant with natural law)

• च (ca) - connects the various qualities (and)

• कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - one who acknowledges good deeds (grateful, appreciative, remembering kindness)

• च (ca) - connects the various qualities (and)

• सत्यवाक्यः (satyavākyaḥ) - speaks the truth (truthful in speech, whose words are true)

• दृढव्रतः (dṛḍhavrataḥ) - unwavering in commitments (firm in vows, resolute, steadfast in purpose)

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - Vālmīki's question, "Who is...?" (who, which)

(interrogative pronoun)

नु (nu) - an emphatic particle, "who indeed" (indeed, surely, now, then (interrogative or emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (present) world (in this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

masculine/neuter locative singular

साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - indicating the present era or context in the world (now, at present, at this time)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of neuter accusative of `sāmprata`

Note: Functions as an adverb of time.

लोके (loke) - in this world (in the world, among people)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, region, realm

गुणवान् (guṇavān) - having excellent qualities (virtuous, endowed with good qualities, meritorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of guṇavat

guṇavat - possessing good qualities, virtuous, meritorious

Possessive suffix `matup/vatup` added to `guṇa`

कः (kaḥ) - "And who is...?" (who)

(interrogative pronoun)

च (ca) - connects the various qualities asked by Vālmīki (and)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - possessing strength and courage (powerful, valorous, heroic, full of energy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - powerful, valorous, heroic

Possessive suffix `matup/vatup` added to `vīrya`

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knowledgeable about righteousness (dharma) (knowing righteousness, conversant with natural law)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knowing duty, righteous, conversant with law/virtue

Compound of `dharma` and `jña` (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root `jñā` (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - connects the various qualities (and)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - one who acknowledges good deeds (grateful, appreciative, remembering kindness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtajña

kṛtajña - grateful, thankful, acknowledging favors

Compound of `kṛta` (done) and `jña` (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṛta+jña)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `kṛ` (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jña – knowing, knower, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root `jñā` (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - connects the various qualities (and)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

सत्यवाक्यः (satyavākyaḥ) - speaks the truth (truthful in speech, whose words are true)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavākya

satyavākya - one whose word is truth, truthful

Compound of `satya` (truth) and `vākya` (speech/words)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vākya)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
  Root: as (class 2)
• vākya – speech, word, sentence
  noun (neuter)
  From root `vac` (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

दृढव्रतः (dṛḍhavrataḥ) - unwavering in commitments (firm in vows, resolute, steadfast in purpose)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛḍhavrata

dṛḍhavrata - firm in vows, resolute, steadfast

Compound of `dṛḍha` (firm) and `vrata` (vow)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dṛḍha+vrata)

• dṛḍha – firm, strong, hard, steady
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `dṛh` (to be firm)
  Root: dṛh (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 9)