वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-31

स काममनवाप्यैव रामपादाव् उपस्पृशन् ।
नन्दिग्रामे ऽकरोद् राज्यं रामागमनकाङ्क्षया ॥३१॥

31. sa kāmamanavāpyaiva rāmapādāv upaspṛśan ,
nandigrāme'karod rājyaṃ rāmāgamanakāṅkṣayā.

31. saḥ kāmam anavāpya eva rāmapādau upaspṛśan
nandigrāme akarot rājyam rāmāgamanakāṅkṣayā

31. saḥ kāmam anavāpya eva rāmapādau upaspṛśan
nandigrāme rāmāgamanakāṅkṣayā rājyam akarot

31. He (Bharata), even without achieving his desire, touched Rama's feet (sandals) and ruled the kingdom in Nandigrama, longing for Rama's return.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (Bharata) (he, that)

• कामम् (kāmam) - his desire (for Rama's return) (desire, wish, love, object of desire)

• अनवाप्य (anavāpya) - without having achieved (his desire) (without having obtained, not having attained)

• एव (eva) - even (indeed, even, only, just)

• रामपादौ (rāmapādau) - Rama's feet (referring to the sandals given by Rama) (Rama's feet (or sandals))

• उपस्पृशन् (upaspṛśan) - touching (the sandals) (touching, saluting, performing ablution)

• नन्दिग्रामे (nandigrāme) - in Nandigrama (in Nandigrama (name of a village))

• अकरोत् (akarot) - he ruled (he did, he made, he ruled)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, reign)

• रामागमनकाङ्क्षया (rāmāgamanakāṅkṣayā) - with the longing for Rama's return

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (Bharata) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bharata.

कामम् (kāmam) - his desire (for Rama's return) (desire, wish, love, object of desire)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love, pleasure, object of desire

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Object of `anavāpya`.

अनवाप्य (anavāpya) - without having achieved (his desire) (without having obtained, not having attained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with negative prefix

Derived from root āp (to obtain) with prefixes ava- and an- (negative), and suffix -ya (after prefixes).

Prefixes: an+ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Modifies the action of `akarot`.

एव (eva) - even (indeed, even, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the preceding word.

रामपादौ (rāmapādau) - Rama's feet (referring to the sandals given by Rama) (Rama's feet (or sandals))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of rāmapāda

rāmapāda - Rama's foot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāma+pāda)

• rāma – Rama (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pāda – foot, leg, quarter
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `upaspṛśan`.

उपस्पृशन् (upaspṛśan) - touching (the sandals) (touching, saluting, performing ablution)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upaspṛśat

upaspṛśat - touching, saluting, rinsing the mouth

Present Active Participle

Derived from root spṛś (to touch) with prefix upa-.

Prefix: upa

Root: spṛś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies `saḥ` (Bharata).

नन्दिग्रामे (nandigrāme) - in Nandigrama (in Nandigrama (name of a village))

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nandigrāma

nandigrāma - Nandigrama (proper name of a village)

Note: Specifies the location of ruling.

अकरोत् (akarot) - he ruled (he did, he made, he ruled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect Active

Imperfect tense form of root kṛ (8th class).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The subject is `saḥ` (Bharata).

राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty, reign)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, reign

Derived from rājan (king) with suffix -ya.

Note: Object of `akarot`.

रामागमनकाङ्क्षया (rāmāgamanakāṅkṣayā) - with the longing for Rama's return

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of rāmāgamanakāṅkṣā

rāmāgamanakāṅkṣā - longing for Rama's return

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāma+āgamana+kāṅkṣā)

• rāma – Rama (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• āgamana – coming, arrival, return
  noun (neuter)
  Action Noun
  Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix ā-.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)
• kāṅkṣā – desire, longing, wish
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root kāṅkṣ (to desire).
  Root: kāṅkṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the reason or accompanying circumstance.