वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-22

स जगाम वनं वीरः प्रतिज्ञामनुपालयन् ।
पितुर्वचननिर्देशात् कैकेय्याः प्रियकारणात् ॥२२॥

22. sa jagāma vanaṃ vīraḥ pratijñāmanupālayan ,
piturvacananirdeśāt kaikeyyāḥ priyakāraṇāt.

22. sa jagāma vanam vīraḥ pratijñām anupālayan
pituḥ vacananirdeśāt kaikeyyaḥ priyakāraṇāt

22. sa vīraḥ pratijñām anupālayan pituḥ vacananirdeśāt
kaikeyyaḥ priyakāraṇāt vanam jagāma

22. That hero (Rama) went to the forest, observing the promise, due to his father's instruction and to fulfill Kaikeyi's desire.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• जगाम (jagāma) - went

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave man

• प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - promise, vow

• अनुपालयन् (anupālayan) - observing, fulfilling, protecting

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

• वचननिर्देशात् (vacananirdeśāt) - by the instruction of the word, by command

• कैकेय्यः (kaikeyyaḥ) - of Kaikeyi

• प्रियकारणात् (priyakāraṇāt) - for the sake of pleasing, due to a dear cause

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rama.

जगाम (jagāma) - went

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect tense

Reduplicated perfect of root gam.

Root: gam (class 1)

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Object of going.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - hero, brave man

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave, mighty

Note: Refers to Rama.

प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - promise, vow

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pratijñā

pratijñā - promise, vow, agreement

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of anupālayan.

अनुपालयन् (anupālayan) - observing, fulfilling, protecting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anupālayat

anupālayat - observing, protecting, following

Present Active Participle

from anu-pālayati (causative of anu-pā-)

Prefix: anu

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with vīraḥ.

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

Note: Governs vacananirdeśāt.

वचननिर्देशात् (vacananirdeśāt) - by the instruction of the word, by command

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vacananirdeśa

vacananirdeśa - instruction by word, command

Compound type : tatpurusha (vacana+nirdeśa)

• vacana – word, speech, utterance
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• nirdeśa – instruction, command, pointing out
  noun (masculine)
  from nis-diś-
  Prefix: nis
  Root: diś (class 6)

Note: Indicates reason/cause.

कैकेय्यः (kaikeyyaḥ) - of Kaikeyi

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - Kaikeyi (proper name, one of Dasharatha's wives)

Note: Governs priyakāraṇāt (implicitly, for her sake/desire).

प्रियकारणात् (priyakāraṇāt) - for the sake of pleasing, due to a dear cause

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of priyakāraṇa

priyakāraṇa - cause of what is dear, for the sake of a beloved, for a dear reason

Compound type : tatpurusha (priya+kāraṇa)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective (neuter)
  Root: prī (class 9)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  from kṛ + ana
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates reason/cause. Refers to Kaikeyi's desire/wish.