वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-21

स सत्यवचनाद् राजा धर्मपाशेन संयतः ।
विवासयामास सुतं रामं दशरथः प्रियम् ॥२१॥

21. sa satyavacanād rājā dharmapāśena saṃyataḥ ,
vivāsayāmāsa sutaṃ rāmaṃ daśarathaḥ priyam.

21. sa satyavacanāt rājā dharmapāśena saṃyataḥ
vivāsayāmāsa sutam rāmam daśarathaḥ priyam

21. daśarathaḥ rājā sa satyavacanāt dharmapāśena
saṃyataḥ priyam sutam rāmam vivāsayāmāsa

21. King Dasharatha, restrained by the commitment (dharma) of his truthful promise, banished his beloved son, Rama.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• सत्यवचनात् (satyavacanāt) - from the truthful word/promise

• राजा (rājā) - king

• धर्मपाशेन (dharmapāśena) - by the noose of dharma (duty/righteousness)

• संयतः (saṁyataḥ) - restrained, bound, controlled

• विवासयामास (vivāsayāmāsa) - caused to go into exile, banished

• सुतम् (sutam) - son

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasharatha

• प्रियम् (priyam) - beloved, dear

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Dasharatha.

सत्यवचनात् (satyavacanāt) - from the truthful word/promise

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of satyavacana

satyavacana - truthful word, promise

Compound type : tatpurusha (satya+vacana)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• vacana – word, speech, utterance, statement
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vac (class 2)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

धर्मपाशेन (dharmapāśena) - by the noose of dharma (duty/righteousness)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmapāśa

dharmapāśa - noose of righteousness, bond of duty

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+pāśa)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, intrinsic nature, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• pāśa – noose, cord, bond
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pāś (class 10)

संयतः (saṁyataḥ) - restrained, bound, controlled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃyata

saṁyata - restrained, bound, controlled, disciplined

Past Passive Participle

from sam-yam-

Prefix: sam

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with rājā.

विवासयामास (vivāsayāmāsa) - caused to go into exile, banished

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vivāsaya

Causative perfect

from vi-vas with causative suffix -āya

Prefix: vi

Root: vas (class 1)

सुतम् (sutam) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born

Past Passive Participle

from su- 'to give birth'

Root: su (class 2)

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper name), pleasing, dark

Root: ram (class 1)

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - Dasharatha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasharatha (proper name, father of Rama)

प्रियम् (priyam) - beloved, dear

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with sutam and rāmam.