वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-19

ज्येष्ठं श्रेष्ठगुणैर्युक्तं प्रियं दशरथः सुतम् ।
यौवराज्येन संयोक्तुमैच्छत् प्रीत्या महीपतिः ॥१९॥

19. jyeṣṭhaṃ śreṣṭhaguṇairyuktaṃ priyaṃ daśarathaḥ sutam ,
yauvarājyena saṃyoktumaicchat prītyā mahīpatiḥ.

19. jyeṣṭham śreṣṭhaguṇaiḥ yuktam priyam daśarathaḥ
sutam yauvarājyena saṃyoktum aicchat prītyā mahīpatiḥ

19. mahīpatiḥ daśarathaḥ prītyā jyeṣṭham priyam sutam
śreṣṭhaguṇaiḥ yuktam yauvarājyena saṃyoktum aicchat

19. King Dasharatha (mahīpati), with affection, desired to appoint his eldest and dear son, who was endowed with excellent qualities, to the position of crown prince (yauvarājya).

Words meanings summery:

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - the eldest (son) (the eldest, the best)

• श्रेष्ठगुणैः (śreṣṭhaguṇaiḥ) - with excellent qualities (by excellent qualities, with superior virtues)

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - endowed with (endowed with, connected with, joined, fit)

• प्रियम् (priyam) - dear (son) (dear, beloved, pleasing)

• दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Dasharatha (Dasharatha (a proper name))

• सुतम् (sutam) - his son (Rama) (son)

• यौवराज्येन (yauvarājyena) - to the position of crown prince (yauvarājya) (with the position of crown prince, by means of crown-princedom)

• संयोक्तुम् (saṁyoktum) - to appoint (to appoint, to join, to unite)

• ऐच्छत् (aicchat) - he desired (he desired, he wished)

• प्रीत्या (prītyā) - with affection (by affection, with love, out of fondness)

• महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - the king (Dasharatha) (king, lord of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - the eldest (son) (the eldest, the best)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, best, most excellent

Superlative of vṛddha (old, grown)

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sutam'.

श्रेष्ठगुणैः (śreṣṭhaguṇaiḥ) - with excellent qualities (by excellent qualities, with superior virtues)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śreṣṭhaguṇa

śreṣṭhaguṇa - excellent quality, superior virtue

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śreṣṭha+guṇa)

• śreṣṭha – most excellent, best, superior
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (praiseworthy)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: praśas (class 2)
• guṇa – quality, virtue, attribute
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrumental case indicating "by means of" or "endowed with".

युक्तम् (yuktam) - endowed with (endowed with, connected with, joined, fit)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, endowed with, fit, proper

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join, to connect)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'sutam'.

प्रियम् (priyam) - dear (son) (dear, beloved, pleasing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

Root: prī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'sutam'.

दशरथः (daśarathaḥ) - King Dasharatha (Dasharatha (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśaratha

daśaratha - Dasharatha (name of Rama's father)

Note: The subject of the sentence.

सुतम् (sutam) - his son (Rama) (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle

From root sū (to bear, produce)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of the verb 'aicchat' via the infinitive 'saṃyoktum'.

यौवराज्येन (yauvarājyena) - to the position of crown prince (yauvarājya) (with the position of crown prince, by means of crown-princedom)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yauvarājya

yauvarājya - office of crown prince, crown-princedom

Derived from yuvarāja (crown prince) with suffix -ya (meaning 'state of')

Note: Denotes the object/status to which one is appointed.

संयोक्तुम् (saṁyoktum) - to appoint (to appoint, to join, to unite)

(verb)

infinitive of saṃyoktum

Infinitive

Infinitive of root yuj (to join) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Governed by 'aicchat'.

ऐच्छत् (aicchat) - he desired (he desired, he wished)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of iṣ

Imperfect Tense, Active Voice

Root iṣ (to wish), 3rd person singular imperfect active.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

प्रीत्या (prītyā) - with affection (by affection, with love, out of fondness)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prīti

prīti - affection, love, fondness, joy

From root prī (to love, to please)

Root: prī (class 4)

Note: Denotes the manner or cause.

महीपतिः (mahīpatiḥ) - the king (Dasharatha) (king, lord of the earth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - king, lord of the earth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'daśarathaḥ'.