वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-23

तं व्रजन्तं प्रियो भ्राता लक्ष्मणो ऽनुजगाम ह ।
स्नेहाद्विनयसंपन्नः सुमित्रानन्दवर्धनः ॥२३॥

23. taṃ vrajantaṃ priyo bhrātā lakṣmaṇo'nujagāma ha ,
snehādvinayasaṃpannaḥ sumitrānandavardhanaḥ.

23. tam vrajantam priyaḥ bhrātā lakṣmaṇaḥ anujagāma
ha snehāt vinayasaṃpannaḥ sumitrānandavardhanaḥ

23. priyaḥ bhrātā lakṣmaṇaḥ snehāt vinayasaṃpannaḥ
sumitrānandavardhanaḥ tam vrajantam ha anujagāma

23. Indeed, his beloved brother Lakshmana, filled with humility and increasing Sumitra's joy, followed him (Rama) out of deep affection as he departed.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• व्रजन्तम् (vrajantam) - going, walking

• प्रियः (priyaḥ) - beloved, dear

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

• अनुजगाम (anujagāma) - followed

• ह (ha) - indeed, truly (particle)

• स्नेहात् (snehāt) - from affection, due to love

• विनयसंपन्नः (vinayasaṁpannaḥ) - endowed with humility, humble

• सुमित्रानन्दवर्धनः (sumitrānandavardhanaḥ) - augmenter of Sumitra's joy, one who increases Sumitra's happiness

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Rama.

व्रजन्तम् (vrajantam) - going, walking

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vrajat

vrajat - going, walking, moving

Present Active Participle

from vraj- 'to go'

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tam (Rama).

प्रियः (priyaḥ) - beloved, dear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with bhrātā and lakṣmaṇaḥ.

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Refers to Lakshmana.

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (proper name, brother of Rama)

अनुजगाम (anujagāma) - followed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of anugam

Perfect tense

Reduplicated perfect of root gam with anu- prefix.

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, truly (particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

स्नेहात् (snehāt) - from affection, due to love

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sneha

sneha - affection, love, tenderness

Root: snih (class 4)

Note: Indicates cause/reason.

विनयसंपन्नः (vinayasaṁpannaḥ) - endowed with humility, humble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vinayasaṃpanna

vinayasaṁpanna - endowed with humility, accomplished in good conduct

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vinaya+saṃpanna)

• vinaya – humility, modesty, good conduct
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: nī (class 1)
• saṃpanna – endowed with, accomplished, prosperous
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from sam-pad-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with lakṣmaṇaḥ.

सुमित्रानन्दवर्धनः (sumitrānandavardhanaḥ) - augmenter of Sumitra's joy, one who increases Sumitra's happiness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumitrānandavardhana

sumitrānandavardhana - increasing Sumitra's joy

Compound type : tatpurusha (sumitrā+ānanda+vardhana)

• sumitrā – Sumitra (proper name, Lakshmana's mother)
  proper noun (feminine)
• ānanda – joy, happiness, bliss
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: nand (class 1)
• vardhana – increasing, augmenting, causing to grow
  adjective (masculine)
  from vṛdh- 'to grow' with suffix -ana
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with lakṣmaṇaḥ.