वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-12

धर्मज्ञः सत्यसंधश्च प्रजानां च हिते रतः ।
यशस्वी ज्ञानसंपन्नः शुचिर्वश्यः समाधिमान् ॥१२॥

12. dharmajñaḥ satyasaṃdhaśca prajānāṃ ca hite rataḥ ,
yaśasvī jñānasaṃpannaḥ śucirvaśyaḥ samādhimān.

12. dharmajñaḥ satyasaṃdhaḥ ca prajānām ca hite rataḥ
yaśasvī jñānasaṃpannaḥ śuciḥ vaśyaḥ samādhimān

12. dharmajñaḥ satyasaṃdhaḥ ca prajānām ca hite rataḥ
yaśasvī jñānasaṃpannaḥ śuciḥ vaśyaḥ samādhimān

12. He is a knower of natural law (dharma), truthful in his pledges, and devoted to the welfare of the people. He is famous, endowed with knowledge, pure, self-controlled, and possesses deep concentration (samādhi).

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of natural law (dharma), righteous

• सत्यसंधः (satyasaṁdhaḥ) - truthful in pledges, steadfast in truth

• च (ca) - and, also

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the people, of the subjects, of beings

• च (ca) - and, also

• हिते (hite) - in welfare, in benefit, in good

• रतः (rataḥ) - devoted, engaged, intent on, pleased with

• यशस्वी (yaśasvī) - famous, glorious, renowned

• ज्ञानसंपन्नः (jñānasaṁpannaḥ) - endowed with knowledge, rich in wisdom

• शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure, clean, virtuous

• वश्यः (vaśyaḥ) - self-controlled, obedient (to oneself or discipline)

• समाधिमान् (samādhimān) - possessing deep concentration (samādhi), meditative, contemplative

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मज्ञः (dharmajñaḥ) - knower of natural law (dharma), righteous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of natural law (dharma), righteous, one who knows what is right/duty

Compound. 'dharma' (natural law, righteousness) + 'jña' (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knowing, knower of
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root √jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

सत्यसंधः (satyasaṁdhaḥ) - truthful in pledges, steadfast in truth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyasaṃdha

satyasaṁdha - firm in truth, true to one's word, truthful in pledges, steadfast in truth

Compound. 'satya' (truth) + 'saṃdha' (covenant, pledge, adherence).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+saṃdha)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'sat' (being, existence).
  Root: as (class 2)
• saṃdha – junction, union, agreement, pledge, treaty
  noun (masculine)
  From sam- √dhā (to join, place together)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the people, of the subjects, of beings

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - people, subjects, offspring, creatures, population

From pra- √jan (to be born).

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Repeats to connect multiple items in a list, here connecting 'satyasaṃdha' and 'hite rataḥ'.

हिते (hite) - in welfare, in benefit, in good

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - welfare, benefit, good, advantageous, friendly

Past Passive Participle

From root √dhā (to place, set).

Root: dhā (class 3)

रतः (rataḥ) - devoted, engaged, intent on, pleased with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - devoted, engaged, intent on, delighted, pleased with

Past Passive Participle

From root √ram (to delight, be pleased, stop).

Root: ram (class 1)

यशस्वी (yaśasvī) - famous, glorious, renowned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - famous, glorious, renowned, celebrated

Derived from 'yaśas' (fame, glory) + 'vin' suffix.

ज्ञानसंपन्नः (jñānasaṁpannaḥ) - endowed with knowledge, rich in wisdom

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jñānasaṃpanna

jñānasaṁpanna - endowed with knowledge, rich in wisdom, possessed of knowledge

Compound. 'jñāna' (knowledge) + 'saṃpanna' (endowed with, complete).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa / bahuvrīhi (jñāna+saṃpanna)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  From root √jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• saṃpanna – endowed with, furnished with, complete, perfect, successful
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam- √pad (to fall, happen, be complete)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

शुचिः (śuciḥ) - pure, clean, virtuous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, bright, virtuous, sacred

Root: śuc (class 1)

वश्यः (vaśyaḥ) - self-controlled, obedient (to oneself or discipline)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaśya

vaśya - obedient, submissive, manageable, amenable, self-controlled

Gerundive

From root √vaś (to wish, desire, command).

Root: vaś (class 10)

समाधिमान् (samādhimān) - possessing deep concentration (samādhi), meditative, contemplative

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samādhimat

samādhimat - endowed with deep concentration (samādhi), meditative, contemplative, collected

Derived from 'samādhi' (concentration, meditation) + 'matup' suffix.

Root: dhā (class 3)