वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-32

रामस्तु पुनरालक्ष्य नागरस्य जनस्य च ।
तत्रागमनमेकाग्रे दण्डकान्प्रविवेश ह ॥३२॥

32. rāmastu punarālakṣya nāgarasya janasya ca ,
tatrāgamanamekāgre daṇḍakānpraviveśa ha.

32. rāmaḥ tu punaḥ ālakṣya nāgarasya janasya ca
tatra āgamanam ekāgre daṇḍakān praviveśa ha

32. rāmaḥ tu punaḥ nāgarasya janasya ca tatra
ekāgre āgamanam ālakṣya daṇḍakān ha praviveśa

32. But Rama, having again observed the focused arrival of the city people (janasya) there, indeed entered the Daṇḍaka forest.

Words meanings summery:

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Rama (proper name))

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover)

• आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having observed (having perceived, having seen, having observed)

• नागरस्य (nāgarasya) - of the city people (of the citizen, of the city dweller)

• जनस्य (janasya) - of the people (of the people, of the person)

• च (ca) - and (connecting nāgarasya and janasya implying 'of the city-people') (and, also, moreover)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (at Citrakuta) (there, in that place)

• आगमनम् (āgamanam) - their arrival (coming, arrival, return)

• एकाग्रे (ekāgre) - (their) focused (arrival) (in a concentrated manner, at a single point, focused)

• दण्डकान् (daṇḍakān) - to the Daṇḍaka forest (to the Daṇḍaka forest (plural))

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered (entered, went into)

• ह (ha) - indeed (emphasizes the action) (indeed, certainly, an expletive)

Words meanings and morphology

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (Rama (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a Hindu deity, hero of the Ramayana), pleasing, black

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a contrasting action.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a repetition of observation or situation.

आलक्ष्य (ālakṣya) - having observed (having perceived, having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root lakṣ (to perceive, observe) with prefix ā-, and suffix -ya (after prefixes).

Prefix: ā

Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Modifies the action of `praviveśa`.

नागरस्य (nāgarasya) - of the city people (of the citizen, of the city dweller)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nāgara

nāgara - of the city, urban, a citizen, a city dweller

Derived from nagara (city) with suffix -a.

Note: Qualifies `janasya`.

जनस्य (janasya) - of the people (of the people, of the person)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Possessive with `āgamanam`.

च (ca) - and (connecting nāgarasya and janasya implying 'of the city-people') (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the adjective and the noun for a collective meaning.

तत्र (tatra) - there (at Citrakuta) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the current location of Rama.

आगमनम् (āgamanam) - their arrival (coming, arrival, return)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āgamana

āgamana - coming, arrival, return

Action Noun

Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of `ālakṣya`.

एकाग्रे (ekāgre) - (their) focused (arrival) (in a concentrated manner, at a single point, focused)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of ekāgra

ekāgra - one-pointed, concentrated, attentive, at a single point

Derived from eka (one) + agra (point, front)

Note: Adverbially modifies `āgamanam`, indicating the manner of arrival.

दण्डकान् (daṇḍakān) - to the Daṇḍaka forest (to the Daṇḍaka forest (plural))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of daṇḍaka

daṇḍaka - Daṇḍaka forest (proper name of a large forest region), a stick, a staff

Note: Object of motion for `praviveśa`. The name 'Daṇḍaka' is often used in plural when referring to the extensive forest.

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered (entered, went into)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of praveś

Perfect Active

Perfect tense form of root viś (to enter) with prefix pra- (6th class).

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Subject is `rāmaḥ`.

ह (ha) - indeed (emphasizes the action) (indeed, certainly, an expletive)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis.