वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-45

कबन्धं नाम रूपेण विकृतं घोरदर्शनम् ।
तं निहत्य महाबाहुर्ददाह स्वर्गतश्च सः ॥४५॥

45. kabandhaṃ nāma rūpeṇa vikṛtaṃ ghoradarśanam ,
taṃ nihatya mahābāhurdadāha svargataśca saḥ.

45. kabandhaṃ nāma rūpeṇa vikṛtaṃ ghoradarśanam
tam nihatya mahābāhuḥ dadāha svargataḥ ca saḥ

45. mahābāhuḥ tam kabandhaṃ nāma rūpeṇa vikṛtaṃ
ghoradarśanam nihatya dadāha ca saḥ svargataḥ

45. Having killed that Kabandha, who was deformed in appearance and terrible to behold, the mighty-armed one (Rama) cremated him, and he (Kabandha) then ascended to heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• कबन्धं (kabandhaṁ) - Kabandha (a headless demon)

• नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, namely

• रूपेण (rūpeṇa) - by form, by appearance

• विकृतं (vikṛtaṁ) - deformed, altered, changed

• घोरदर्शनम् (ghoradarśanam) - terrible to behold, of dreadful appearance

• तम् (tam) - Kabandha (him, that)

• निहत्य (nihatya) - having killed, after killing

• महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Rama, the mighty-armed one (mighty-armed, great-armed)

• ददाह (dadāha) - he burned, he cremated

• स्वर्गतः (svargataḥ) - gone to heaven, ascended to heaven

• च (ca) - and, also

• सः (saḥ) - Kabandha (he, that)

Words meanings and morphology

कबन्धं (kabandhaṁ) - Kabandha (a headless demon)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kabandha

kabandha - a headless trunk, a headless demon, Kabandha (proper name)

नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, namely

(indeclinable)

रूपेण (rūpeṇa) - by form, by appearance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, beauty, nature

विकृतं (vikṛtaṁ) - deformed, altered, changed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vikṛta

vikṛta - deformed, altered, changed, monstrous, unnatural

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root kṛ with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with Kabandha.

घोरदर्शनम् (ghoradarśanam) - terrible to behold, of dreadful appearance

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ghoradarśana

ghoradarśana - terrible to behold, having a dreadful appearance

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (ghora+darśana)

• ghora – terrible, dreadful, fearful
  adjective (masculine)
• darśana – sight, appearance, seeing, vision
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Kabandha.

तम् (tam) - Kabandha (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kabandha.

निहत्य (nihatya) - having killed, after killing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root han with prefix ni and suffix -tya.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

महाबाहुः (mahābāhuḥ) - Rama, the mighty-armed one (mighty-armed, great-armed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu

mahābāhu - mighty-armed, one with great arms

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (mahā+bāhu)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Rama.

ददाह (dadāha) - he burned, he cremated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of dah

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Reduplicated perfect form of root dah.

Root: dah (class 1)

स्वर्गतः (svargataḥ) - gone to heaven, ascended to heaven

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svargata

svargata - gone to heaven, ascended to heaven

Past Passive Participle

Formed from svarga + gata (past participle of gam, to go).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (svarga+gata)

• svarga – heaven, celestial world
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, arrived, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with saḥ (Kabandha).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - Kabandha (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kabandha.