वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-1, verse-43

गृध्रं च निहतं दृष्ट्वा हृतां श्रुत्वा च मैथिलीम् ।
राघवः शोकसंतप्तो विललापाकुलेन्द्रियः ॥४३॥

43. gṛdhraṃ ca nihataṃ dṛṣṭvā hṛtāṃ śrutvā ca maithilīm ,
rāghavaḥ śokasaṃtapto vilalāpākulendriyaḥ.

43. gṛdhram ca nihatam dṛṣṭvā hṛtām śrutvā ca maithilīm
rāghavaḥ śokasaṃtaptaḥ vilalāpa ākulendriyaḥ

43. rāghavaḥ gṛdhram nihatam ca dṛṣṭvā maithilīm hṛtām
ca śrutvā śokasaṃtaptaḥ ākulendriyaḥ vilalāpa

43. And seeing the vulture killed, and hearing that Maithilī (Sītā) had been abducted, Rāghava (Rāma), afflicted with sorrow, lamented with agitated senses.

Words meanings summery:

• गृध्रम् (gṛdhram) - the vulture Jaṭāyu (vulture)

• च (ca) - and

• निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, struck down

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• हृताम् (hṛtām) - abducted, carried away

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• च (ca) - and

• मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Sītā, daughter of Janaka, king of Mithilā. (Maithilī (Sītā))

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma, son of Daśaratha, a descendant of Raghu. (Rāghava, descendant of Raghu)

• शोकसंतप्तः (śokasaṁtaptaḥ) - afflicted with sorrow, tormented by grief

• विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wept, cried aloud

• आकुलेन्द्रियः (ākulendriyaḥ) - with agitated senses, whose senses are bewildered

Words meanings and morphology

गृध्रम् (gṛdhram) - the vulture Jaṭāyu (vulture)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture, greedy

Root: gṛdh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā' (seeing).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'seeing the killed vulture' with 'hearing about abducted Maithilī'.

निहतम् (nihatam) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - killed, struck down, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'ni-√han' (to strike down, kill) + 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from '√dṛś' (to see) + '-tvā' suffix for absolutive.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

हृताम् (hṛtām) - abducted, carried away

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of hṛtā

hṛtā - abducted, carried away, stolen, seized

Past Passive Participle

Formed from '√hṛ' (to seize, carry off) + 'kta' suffix.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from '√śru' (to hear) + '-tvā' suffix for absolutive.

Root: śru (class 5)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'seeing the killed vulture' with 'hearing about abducted Maithilī'.

मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Sītā, daughter of Janaka, king of Mithilā. (Maithilī (Sītā))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - a woman from Mithilā, Sītā (daughter of Janaka)

Derived from 'mithilā' (the capital of Videha) + feminine suffix.

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāma, son of Daśaratha, a descendant of Raghu. (Rāghava, descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rāma

Patronymic from 'raghu'.

Note: Subject of 'vilalāpa'.

शोकसंतप्तः (śokasaṁtaptaḥ) - afflicted with sorrow, tormented by grief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokasaṃtapta

śokasaṁtapta - afflicted by sorrow, tormented by grief, consumed by distress

Compound word.

Compound type : instrumental tatpuruṣa (śoka+saṃtapta)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, distress, anguish
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• saṃtapta – afflicted, tormented, heated, burnt
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Formed from 'sam-√tap' (to torment, heat intensely) + 'kta' suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rāghavaḥ'.

विललाप (vilalāpa) - lamented, wept, cried aloud

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of √lap

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Reduplicated perfect form of 'vi-√lap'.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

आकुलेन्द्रियः (ākulendriyaḥ) - with agitated senses, whose senses are bewildered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ākulendriya

ākulendriya - with agitated senses, whose senses are disturbed, bewildered senses

Compound word.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ākula+indriya)

• ākula – agitated, confused, perplexed, crowded
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ākul (class 10)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty, power, semen
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'indra' (lord of senses).

Note: Modifies 'rāghavaḥ'.