मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-121, verse-49
सापि कन्या वनं गत्वा निसृष्टा निजबान्धवैः ।
तपस्तेपे निराहारा वैराग्यं परमास्थिता ॥४९॥
तपस्तेपे निराहारा वैराग्यं परमास्थिता ॥४९॥
49. sāpi kanyā vanaṃ gatvā nisṛṣṭā nijabāndhavaiḥ .
tapastepe nirāhārā vairāgyaṃ paramāsthitā.
tapastepe nirāhārā vairāgyaṃ paramāsthitā.
49.
sā api kanyā vanam gatvā nisṛṣṭā nijabāndhavaiḥ
tapaḥ tepe nirāhārā vairāgyam paramāsthitā
tapaḥ tepe nirāhārā vairāgyam paramāsthitā
49.
That maiden, too, having been abandoned by her own relatives, went to the forest. There, completely detached and without food, she performed severe penance (tapas).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सा (sā) - she, that
- अपि (api) - also, even, too
- कन्या (kanyā) - the maiden (who was rejected by Avikṣita) (maiden, girl, daughter)
- वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood
- गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone
- निसृष्टा (nisṛṣṭā) - abandoned, given up, let loose
- निजबान्धवैः (nijabāndhavaiḥ) - by her own relatives
- तपः (tapaḥ) - penance, austerity (tapas)
- तेपे (tepe) - performed (penance), heated oneself
- निराहारा (nirāhārā) - without food, fasting
- वैराग्यम् (vairāgyam) - detachment, dispassion (vairāgya)
- परमास्थिता (paramāsthitā) - having attained supreme detachment (firmly established in, having attained the highest)
Words meanings and morphology
सा (sā) - she, that
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Refers to the maiden/princess from previous context.
अपि (api) - also, even, too
(indeclinable)
कन्या (kanyā) - the maiden (who was rejected by Avikṣita) (maiden, girl, daughter)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kanyā
kanyā - maiden, girl, daughter, virgin
Note: Subject of the sentence.
वनम् (vanam) - forest, wood
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vana
vana - forest, wood, grove
Note: Object of motion (gatvā).
गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone
(indeclinable)
absolutive/gerund
Absolutive form from root √gam
Root: gam (class 1)
निसृष्टा (nisṛṣṭā) - abandoned, given up, let loose
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of nisṛṣṭa
nisṛṣṭa - abandoned, relinquished, sent forth, released
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of √sṛj with prefix ni
Prefix: ni
Root: sṛj (class 6)
Note: Qualifies 'kanyā'.
निजबान्धवैः (nijabāndhavaiḥ) - by her own relatives
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of nijabāndhava
nijabāndhava - one's own relative/kinsman
Compound type : karmadhāraya (nija+bāndhava)
- nija – own, inherent
adjective (masculine) - bāndhava – relative, kinsman, friend
noun (masculine)
Note: Agent of 'nisṛṣṭā'.
तपः (tapaḥ) - penance, austerity (tapas)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas
tapas - heat, warmth, pain, penance, austerity (tapas)
Note: Object of 'tepe'.
तेपे (tepe) - performed (penance), heated oneself
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of tap
Perfect tense (liṭ) 3rd person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada) of √tap.
Root: tap (class 1)
Note: The phrase 'tapas tap' is a common idiom meaning to perform penance.
निराहारा (nirāhārā) - without food, fasting
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of nirāhāra
nirāhāra - without food, fasting, abstaining from food
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āhāra)
- nis – without, out, away
indeclinable - āhāra – food, eating, taking
noun (masculine)
Prefix: ā
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'kanyā'.
वैराग्यम् (vairāgyam) - detachment, dispassion (vairāgya)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of vairāgya
vairāgya - detachment, dispassion, indifference (vairāgya)
Note: Object of 'paramāsthitā' (as an adjective, here it functions almost adverbially or as object of condition).
परमास्थिता (paramāsthitā) - having attained supreme detachment (firmly established in, having attained the highest)
(adjective)
Nominative, feminine, singular of paramāsthita
paramāsthita - firmly established in, having attained the highest
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of root ā-sthā (to stand upon, attain) with prefix parama- (supreme).
Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+āsthita)
- parama – highest, supreme, excellent
adjective (masculine) - āsthita – standing on, situated in, resorted to, attained
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
Past passive participle of √sthā with prefix ā
Prefix: ā
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'kanyā'. The compound 'paramāsthitā' functions like an adjective describing the state of the maiden.