महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-18, verse-7

निराशाश्च जये तस्मिन्हते शल्ये महारथे ।
हतप्रवीरा विध्वस्ता विकृत्ताश्च शितैः शरैः ।
मद्रराजे हते राजन्योधास्ते प्राद्रवन्भयात् ॥७॥

7. nirāśāśca jaye tasminhate śalye mahārathe ,
hatapravīrā vidhvastā vikṛttāśca śitaiḥ śaraiḥ ,
madrarāje hate rājanyodhāste prādravanbhayāt.

7. nirāśāḥ ca jaye tasmin hate śalye
mahārathe hatapravīrāḥ vidhvastāḥ
vikṛttāḥ ca śitaiḥ śaraiḥ madrarāje
hate rājan yodhāḥ te prādravan bhayāt

7. rājan tasmin jaye nirāśāḥ ca mahārathe
śalye hate madrarāje hate (sati)
hatapravīrāḥ vidhvastāḥ ca śitaiḥ śaraiḥ
vikṛttāḥ te yodhāḥ bhayāt prādravan

7. O King, when the great charioteer Shalya, who was also the King of the Madras, was killed, those warriors—deprived of hope for victory, their chief heroes slain, shattered, and cut to pieces by sharp arrows—fled in fear.

Words meanings summery:

• निराशाः (nirāśāḥ) - hopeless (of victory) (hopeless, despairing)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• जये (jaye) - for victory (in victory, for victory)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - concerning that (victory) (in that, concerning that)

• हते (hate) - having been killed (used in locative absolute construction with Shalya) (having been killed, slain)

• शल्ये (śalye) - when Shalya was killed (in Shalya, concerning Shalya)

• महारथे (mahārathe) - when Shalya, the great charioteer, was killed (in a great charioteer, concerning a great charioteer)

• हतप्रवीराः (hatapravīrāḥ) - with their chief heroes slain (whose chief heroes are slain, with slain heroes)

• विध्वस्ताः (vidhvastāḥ) - shattered (shattered, destroyed, scattered)

• विकृत्ताः (vikṛttāḥ) - cut to pieces (cut to pieces, mangled)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp (arrows) (by sharp, by keen)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• मद्रराजे (madrarāje) - when the king of Madra (Shalya) was killed (in the king of Madra, concerning the king of Madra)

• हते (hate) - having been killed (used in locative absolute construction with Madrarāja) (having been killed, slain)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative address to Dhritarashtra) (O king)

• योधाः (yodhāḥ) - those warriors (warriors, fighters)

• ते (te) - those (warriors) (those, they)

• प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled (they fled, ran away)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - in fear (from fear, out of fear)

Words meanings and morphology

निराशाः (nirāśāḥ) - hopeless (of victory) (hopeless, despairing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirāśa

nirāśa - hopeless, disappointed, despairing

Compound of 'nis-' (negative prefix) and 'āśā' (hope).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (nis+āśā)

• nis – out, forth, away, without
  indeclinable
• āśā – hope, expectation, desire
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'āśiṣ' (to wish, hope).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: āśiṣ

Note: Modifies 'yodhāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

जये (jaye) - for victory (in victory, for victory)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, triumph, conquest

Derived from root 'ji-' (to conquer).

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Locative of reference, 'in the matter of victory'.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - concerning that (victory) (in that, concerning that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Adjective to 'jaye'.

हते (hate) - having been killed (used in locative absolute construction with Shalya) (having been killed, slain)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han- 'to strike, kill'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying Shalya, in locative absolute.

शल्ये (śalye) - when Shalya was killed (in Shalya, concerning Shalya)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Shalya (name of the king of Madra and Karna's charioteer)

Note: In locative absolute.

महारथे (mahārathe) - when Shalya, the great charioteer, was killed (in a great charioteer, concerning a great charioteer)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ratha)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, car, warrior in a chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: In locative absolute.

हतप्रवीराः (hatapravīrāḥ) - with their chief heroes slain (whose chief heroes are slain, with slain heroes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hatapravīra

hatapravīra - one whose great heroes are slain

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+pravīra)

• hata – killed, slain
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han- 'to strike, kill'.
  Root: han (class 2)
• pravīra – chief hero, champion
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Modifies 'yodhāḥ'.

विध्वस्ताः (vidhvastāḥ) - shattered (shattered, destroyed, scattered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidhvasta

vidhvasta - destroyed, shattered, scattered, ruined

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhvaṃs- 'to fall, perish' with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'yodhāḥ'.

विकृत्ताः (vikṛttāḥ) - cut to pieces (cut to pieces, mangled)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vikṛtta

vikṛtta - cut, cut to pieces, mangled, mutilated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛt- 'to cut' with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛt (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'yodhāḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - by sharp (arrows) (by sharp, by keen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, keen, whetted, pointed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śo- 'to sharpen' or śi- 'to whet'.

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'śaraiḥ'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Instrument of cutting.

मद्रराजे (madrarāje) - when the king of Madra (Shalya) was killed (in the king of Madra, concerning the king of Madra)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of madrarāja

madrarāja - king of the Madra country

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (madra+rājan)

• madra – name of a country and its people
  proper noun (neuter)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: In locative absolute.

हते (hate) - having been killed (used in locative absolute construction with Madrarāja) (having been killed, slain)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han- 'to strike, kill'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying Madrarāja, in locative absolute.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (vocative address to Dhritarashtra) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Addressed to Dhritarashtra.

योधाः (yodhāḥ) - those warriors (warriors, fighters)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

Derived from root yudh- 'to fight'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'prādravan'.

ते (te) - those (warriors) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, those

Note: Demonstrative adjective for 'yodhāḥ'.

प्राद्रवन् (prādravan) - they fled (they fled, ran away)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prādru

Imperfect

Root 'dru-' (1st class) with prefix 'pra-', imperfect tense, third person plural.

Prefix: pra

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

भयात् (bhayāt) - in fear (from fear, out of fear)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, apprehension

Note: Indicates cause or origin.