महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-18, verse-63

तानापतत एवाशु व्यूढानीकाः प्रहारिणः ।
प्रत्युद्ययुस्तदा पार्था जयगृध्राः प्रहारिणः ॥६३॥

63. tānāpatata evāśu vyūḍhānīkāḥ prahāriṇaḥ ,
pratyudyayustadā pārthā jayagṛdhrāḥ prahāriṇaḥ.

63. tān āpatataḥ eva āśu vyūḍhānīkāḥ prahāriṇaḥ
pratyudyayuḥ tadā pārthāḥ jayagṛdhrāḥ prahāriṇaḥ

63. tadā,
vyūḍhānīkāḥ jayagṛdhrāḥ prahāriṇaḥ pārthāḥ,
āśu eva āpatataḥ tān prahāriṇaḥ pratyudyayuḥ

63. Then, the Pārthas (Pāṇḍavas) — who had their battalions arrayed, were eager for victory, and were powerful assailants — quickly counter-attacked those very attackers who were advancing upon them.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those (kings, referring to the opponents from the previous verse) (those)

• आपततः (āpatataḥ) - who were advancing upon them (the Pārthas) (advancing, falling upon, attacking)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• व्यूढानीकाः (vyūḍhānīkāḥ) - having arrayed troops, having drawn up battle formations

• प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - formidable assailants (describing the Pārthas) (strikers, assailants, warriors)

• प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they went forth against, they counter-attacked

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pārthas (Pāṇḍavas) (the sons of Pṛthā, the Pāṇḍavas)

• जयगृध्राः (jayagṛdhrāḥ) - eager for victory, greedy for victory

• प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - powerful assailants (describing the Pārthas) (strikers, assailants, warriors)

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those (kings, referring to the opponents from the previous verse) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आपततः (āpatataḥ) - who were advancing upon them (the Pārthas) (advancing, falling upon, attacking)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of āpatat

āpatat - advancing, falling upon, attacking

Present Active Participle

From the root pat (to fall) with the prefix ā, in present participle form.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tān' (those).

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very

(indeclinable)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

व्यूढानीकाः (vyūḍhānīkāḥ) - having arrayed troops, having drawn up battle formations

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyūḍhānīka

vyūḍhānīka - having arrayed troops, having formed battalions

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyūḍha+anīka)

• vyūḍha – arrayed, drawn up, arranged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From the root ūh (to push, move) with prefix vi, or from vah (to carry) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ūh (class 1)
• anīka – army, host, battle array, face
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'pārthāḥ'.

प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - formidable assailants (describing the Pārthas) (strikers, assailants, warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahārin

prahārin - striker, assailant, warrior, one who inflicts a blow

Derived from the root hṛ (to seize, carry) with prefix pra, + -in suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'pārthāḥ'.

प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they went forth against, they counter-attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pratyudyā

Perfect tense

From the root yā (to go) with prefixes prati and ud. Pf. 3rd plural active voice.

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

पार्थाः (pārthāḥ) - the Pārthas (Pāṇḍavas) (the sons of Pṛthā, the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī) with the aṇ suffix.

जयगृध्राः (jayagṛdhrāḥ) - eager for victory, greedy for victory

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jayagṛdhra

jayagṛdhra - eager for victory, greedy for victory

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+gṛdhra)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• gṛdhra – greedy, eager, vulture
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'pārthāḥ'.

प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - powerful assailants (describing the Pārthas) (strikers, assailants, warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahārin

prahārin - striker, assailant, warrior, one who inflicts a blow

Derived from the root hṛ (to seize, carry) with prefix pra, + -in suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Repetition for emphasis, further describing 'pārthāḥ'.