महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-18, verse-60

श्रेयो नो भीमसेनस्य क्रुद्धस्य प्रमुखे स्थितम् ।
सुखः सांग्रामिको मृत्युः क्षत्रधर्मेण युध्यताम् ।
जित्वेह सुखमाप्नोति हतः प्रेत्य महत्फलम् ॥६०॥

60. śreyo no bhīmasenasya kruddhasya pramukhe sthitam ,
sukhaḥ sāṁgrāmiko mṛtyuḥ kṣatradharmeṇa yudhyatām ,
jitveha sukhamāpnoti hataḥ pretya mahatphalam.

60. śreyaḥ naḥ bhīmasenasya kruddhasya pramukhe
sthitam | sukhaḥ sāṃgrāmikaḥ mṛtyuḥ
kṣatradharmeṇa yudhyatām | jitvā iha
sukham āpnoti hataḥ pretya mahat phalam

60. naḥ śreyaḥ kruddhasya bhīmasenasya pramukhe sthitam kṣatradharmeṇa yudhyatām sāṃgrāmikaḥ mṛtyuḥ sukhaḥ iha jitvā sukham āpnoti,
hataḥ pretya mahat phalam

60. Our ultimate good (śreyaḥ) lies in the presence of the enraged Bhīmasena. A warrior's death (sāṃgrāmikaḥ mṛtyuḥ) is pleasant for those who fight according to the natural law (dharma) of a Kṣatriya. Having conquered, one attains happiness here in this world; if slain, one obtains a great reward after death.

Words meanings summery:

• श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the supreme good, the better outcome (welfare, good fortune, excellence, better, best)

• नः (naḥ) - our (referring to the speaker and his allies) (us, our)

• भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - refers to the Pāṇḍava hero Bhīmasena (of Bhīmasena)

• क्रुद्धस्य (kruddhasya) - of the enraged Bhīmasena (of the enraged, angry)

• प्रमुखे (pramukhe) - facing or in the presence of Bhīmasena (in front, in the presence, at the head)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, present (as our fate) (standing, situated, remaining)

• सुखः (sukhaḥ) - pleasant (referring to death) (happy, pleasant, comfortable)

• सांग्रामिकः (sāṁgrāmikaḥ) - a death in battle, a warrior's death (relating to war or battle, warlike)

• मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death experienced in battle (death)

• क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - by observing the prescribed duties and laws for a Kṣatriya (by the natural law (dharma) of a Kṣatriya)

• युध्यताम् (yudhyatām) - for the warriors who are fighting (of those fighting, for those fighting)

• जित्वा (jitvā) - by winning the battle (having conquered, having won)

• इह (iha) - in this present life, on earth (here, in this world)

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness and well-being (happiness, pleasure, comfort)

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - one obtains (happiness or reward) ( obtains, reaches, attains)

• हतः (hataḥ) - if one is killed (in battle) (killed, slain)

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - in the afterlife, after dying (having gone forth, after death)

• महत् (mahat) - a great (reward) (great, large, important)

• फलम् (phalam) - a great reward (in the afterlife) (fruit, result, reward)

Words meanings and morphology

श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - the supreme good, the better outcome (welfare, good fortune, excellence, better, best)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas

śreyas - welfare, good, prosperity, excellence (comparative/superlative of praśasya - excellent)

नः (naḥ) - our (referring to the speaker and his allies) (us, our)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form of asmad.

भीमसेनस्य (bhīmasenasya) - refers to the Pāṇḍava hero Bhīmasena (of Bhīmasena)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (a proper name, one of the Pāṇḍava brothers)

क्रुद्धस्य (kruddhasya) - of the enraged Bhīmasena (of the enraged, angry)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'krudh'.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with bhīmasenasya.

प्रमुखे (pramukhe) - facing or in the presence of Bhīmasena (in front, in the presence, at the head)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pramukha

pramukha - front, presence, chief, leading

From 'pra' (before) + 'mukha' (face).

स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, present (as our fate) (standing, situated, remaining)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, standing, situated, firm

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā'.

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śreyaḥ'.

सुखः (sukhaḥ) - pleasant (referring to death) (happy, pleasant, comfortable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sukha

sukha - happy, pleasant, easy, happiness, comfort

Note: Agrees with mṛtyuḥ.

सांग्रामिकः (sāṁgrāmikaḥ) - a death in battle, a warrior's death (relating to war or battle, warlike)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāṃgrāmika

sāṁgrāmika - relating to battle, warlike, military

Derived from 'saṃgrāma' (battle) + 'ika' (suffix).

Note: Agrees with mṛtyuḥ.

मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death experienced in battle (death)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, dying, the god of death

From root 'mṛ' (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - by observing the prescribed duties and laws for a Kṣatriya (by the natural law (dharma) of a Kṣatriya)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - the natural law (dharma) of a Kṣatriya, the duty of a warrior

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – rule, dominion, military class
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)

युध्यताम् (yudhyatām) - for the warriors who are fighting (of those fighting, for those fighting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yudhyat

yudhyat - fighting, combatting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'yudh'.

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Or dative plural. Context suggests "for those fighting".

जित्वा (jitvā) - by winning the battle (having conquered, having won)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root 'ji' + tvā suffix.

Root: ji (class 1)

इह (iha) - in this present life, on earth (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place and time.

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness and well-being (happiness, pleasure, comfort)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, comfort, ease

Note: Object of āpnoti.

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - one obtains (happiness or reward) ( obtains, reaches, attains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āp

Present Tense

Root 'āp', 5th class, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular, present tense.

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: The implied subject is "a person" (puruṣaḥ).

हतः (hataḥ) - if one is killed (in battle) (killed, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implied second clause ("if slain, one obtains...").

प्रेत्य (pretya) - in the afterlife, after dying (having gone forth, after death)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'i' with upasarga 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

महत् (mahat) - a great (reward) (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, important

Note: Agrees with phalam.

फलम् (phalam) - a great reward (in the afterlife) (fruit, result, reward)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Note: Subject of implied verb 'is obtained'.